Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The explicit use of theory in research helps expand the knowledge base. Theories and models have been used extensively in HIV-prevention research and in interventions for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The health behavior field uses many theories or models of change. However, educational interventions addressing contraception often have no stated theoretical base. OBJECTIVES:Review randomized controlled trials that tested a theoretical approach to inform contraceptive choice; encourage contraceptive use; or promote adherence to, or continuation of, a contraceptive regimen. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched computerized databases for trials that tested a theory-based intervention for improving contraceptive use (MEDLINE, POPLINE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP). We also wrote to researchers to find other trials. SELECTION CRITERIA:Trials tested a theory-based intervention for improving contraceptive use. We excluded trials focused on high-risk groups. Interventions addressed the use of one or more contraceptive methods. The reports provided evidence that the intervention was based on a specific theory or model. The primary outcomes were pregnancy, contraceptive choice, initiating or changing contraceptive use, contraceptive regimen adherence, and contraception continuation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:The primary author evaluated abstracts for eligibility. Two authors extracted data from included studies. We calculated the odds ratio for dichotomous outcomes and the mean difference for continuous data. No meta-analysis was conducted due to intervention differences. MAIN RESULTS:Of 26 trials, 12 interventions addressed contraception (other than condoms), while 14 focused on condom use for preventing HIV or STIs. In 2 of 10 trials with pregnancy or birth data, a theory-based group showed better results. Four of nine trials with contraceptive use (other than condoms) showed better outcomes in an experimental group. For condom use, a theory-based group had favorable results in 14 of 20 trials, but the number was halved in a subgroup analysis. Social Cognitive Theory was the main theoretical basis for 12 trials, and 10 showed positive results. Of the other 14 trials, favorable results were shown for other social cognition models (N=2), motivational interviewing (N=5), and the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (N=2). No major patterns were detected by type of theory, intervention, or target population. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:Family planning researchers and practitioners could apply the relevant theories and effective interventions from HIV and STI prevention. More thorough use of single theories would help inform the field about what works. Better reporting is needed on research design and intervention implementation.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Lopez LM,Tolley EE,Grimes DA,Chen-Mok Mdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD007249.pub2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-21 00:00:00pages
CD007249issue
1issn
1469-493Xpub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Many dental procedures cause bacteraemia and it is believed that this may lead to bacterial endocarditis (BE) in a few people. Guidelines in many countries recommend that prior to invasive dental procedures antibiotics are administered to people at high risk of endocarditis. However, it is unclear whether th...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003813.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is a mechanical method of delivering compression to swollen limbs that can be used to treat venous leg ulcers and limb swelling due to lymphoedema. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether IPC increases the healing of venous leg ulcers. To determine the effects of IPC on heal...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001899.pub4
更新日期:2014-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Radiotherapy as part of head and neck cancer treatment leaves patients requiring much dental rehabilitation in a compromised environment that is difficult for the patient and the dental team to manage. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of maintaining the patient's natural dentition during radiotherapy in com...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008857.pub2
更新日期:2013-02-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cataract and glaucoma are leading causes of blindness worldwide, and their co-existence is common in elderly people. Glaucoma surgery can accelerate cataract progression, and performing both surgeries may increase the rate of postoperative complications and compromise the success of either surgery. However, ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008671.pub3
更新日期:2015-07-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate inhaled shortly before exercise appear to reduce the severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. There is some debate over which drug may be more effective. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to compare the effects on post-exercise lung function betwe...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002731
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ileocolic anastomoses are commonly performed for right-sided colon cancer and Crohn's disease. The anastomosis may be constructed using a linear cutter stapler or by suturing. Individual trials comparing stapled versus handsewn ileocolic anastomoses have found little difference in the complication rate but t...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004320.pub3
更新日期:2011-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High altitude illness (HAI) is a term used to describe a group of cerebral and pulmonary syndromes that can occur during travel to elevations above 2500 metres (8202 feet). Acute hypoxia, acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude cerebral oedema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) are reporte...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009761.pub2
更新日期:2017-06-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People with asthma who come from minority groups have poorer asthma outcomes and more asthma related visits to Emergency Departments (ED). Various programmes are used to educate and empower people with asthma and these have previously been shown to improve certain asthma outcomes. Models of care for chronic ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006580.pub3
更新日期:2009-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ischaemic heart disease including heart failure is the most common cause of death in the world, and the incidence of the condition is rapidly increasing. Heart failure is characterised by symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness during light activity, as well as disordered breathing during sleep. In parti...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012803.pub2
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic wounds mainly affect the elderly and those with multiple health problems. Despite the use of modern dressings, some of these wounds take a long time to heal, fail to heal, or recur, causing significant pain and discomfort to the person and cost to health services. Topical negative pressure (TNP) is u...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001898.pub2
更新日期:2008-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a condition characterised by benign papillomatous (wart-like) growths in the upper airway. It can affect both adults and children causing airway-obstruction and voice change. Treatment usually involves repeated surgical debulking of the papillomata, and several agents ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005053.pub2
更新日期:2005-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Portal hypertension commonly accompanies advanced liver disease and often gives rise to life-threatening complications, including haemorrhage from oesophageal and gastrointestinal varices. Variceal haemorrhage commonly occurs in children with chronic liver disease or portal vein obstruction. Prevention is th...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010546.pub2
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sinusitis is one of the most common diagnoses among adults in ambulatory care, accounting for 15% to 21% of all adult outpatient antibiotic prescriptions. However, the role of antibiotics for sinusitis is controversial. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of antibiotics in adults with acute maxillary sinusitis...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000243.pub3
更新日期:2014-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Problems attributed to the accumulation of wax (cerumen) are among the most common reasons for people to present to their general practitioners with ear trouble. Treatment for this condition often involves use of a wax softening agent (cerumenolytic) to disperse the cerumen, reduce the need for, or facilitat...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004326.pub3
更新日期:2018-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ganoderma lucidum (also known as lingzhi or reishi) is a mushroom that has been consumed for its broad medicinal properties in Asia for over 2000 years. G lucidum is becoming increasingly popular in western countries as a complementary medicine for cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effective...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007259.pub2
更新日期:2015-02-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with cystic fibrosis, who are chronically colonised with the organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often require repeated courses of intravenous aminoglycoside antibiotics for the management of pulmonary exacerbations. The properties of aminoglycosides suggest that they could be given in higher concentra...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002009
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Poisoning with carbon monoxide (CO) remains an important cause of accidental and intentional injury worldwide. Several unblinded non-randomized trials have suggested that the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) prevents the development of neurological sequelae. This has led to the widespread use of HBO in the man...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002041.pub2
更新日期:2005-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute graft-versus host disease (aGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) occurring in 8% to 59% of the recipients. Currently, the therapeutic mainstay for aGvHD is corticosteroids. However, there is no established standard treatment for steroid...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009759.pub2
更新日期:2014-02-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Having nurses take on tasks that are typically conducted by doctors (doctor-nurse substitution, a form of 'task-shifting') may help to address doctor shortages and reduce doctors' workload and human resource costs. A Cochrane Review of effectiveness studies suggested that nurse-led care probably leads to sim...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010412.pub2
更新日期:2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fetal assessment following preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) may result in earlier delivery due to earlier detection of fetal compromise. However, early delivery may not always be in the fetal or maternal interest, and the effectiveness of different fetal assessment methods in improving neonatal...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010209.pub2
更新日期:2014-10-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since our individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of supportive care and chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), published in 1995, many trials have been completed. We have carried out an updated IPD meta-analysis to assess newer regimens and determine conclusively the effect of chemotherapy...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007309.pub2
更新日期:2010-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity is increasing throughout the industrialised world. If left unchecked it will have major implications for both population health and costs to health services. Health professionals have a key role to play in tackling the obesity problem, but little is known about how they may be encouraged to work more...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000984
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The progress of labour in the early or latent phase is usually slow and may include painful uterine contractions. Women may feel distressed and lose their confidence during this phase. Support and assessment interventions have been assessed in two previous Cochrane Reviews. This review updates and replaces t...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011516.pub2
更新日期:2017-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acne is a common skin disorder among women. Although no uniform approach to the management of acne exists, combination oral contraceptives (COCs), which contain an estrogen and a progestin, often are prescribed for women. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) for t...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004425.pub6
更新日期:2012-07-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a rare but serious neonatal pathogen. Prior to the availability of antiviral drugs the mortality associated with all but localised neonatal infection was high, with 85% of infants with disseminated HSV infection and 50% of infants with encephalitis dying by one year of age. The ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004206.pub2
更新日期:2009-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In an effort to improve outcomes of in-vitro fertilisation cycles the use of growth hormone has been considered. Improving the outcomes of in-vitro fertilisation is especially important for subfertile women who are considered 'poor responders'. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of adjuvant growth hormo...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000099.pub3
更新日期:2010-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is recommended as a key component of the management plan for diabetes therapy during pregnancy. No existing systematic reviews consider the benefits/effectiveness of various techniques of blood glucose monitoring on maternal and infant outcomes among pregnant women wit...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009613.pub3
更新日期:2017-06-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 11, 2013.Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infants (SMEI), also known as Dravet syndrome, is a rare, refractory form of epilepsy, for which stiripentol (STP) has been recently licensed as add-on therapy. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010483.pub3
更新日期:2015-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic pulmonary infection is a hallmark of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. Infections dominated by organisms of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of at least 18 closely-related species of gram-negative bacteria, are particularly difficult to treat. These infections may be associated with a fulmina...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009529.pub4
更新日期:2020-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This is an update of the Cochrane review published in 2002.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialised countries. Experimental evidence has supported the hypothesis that dietary fibre may protect against the development of CRC, although epidemiologic data have been i...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003430.pub2
更新日期:2017-01-08 00:00:00