[History of Brazil's tobacco control policy from 1986 to 2016].

Abstract:

:This study analyzes Brazil's tobacco control policy from 1986 to 2016, seeking to describe the policy's history and discuss its achievements, limits, and challenges. The study adopted a political economics approach and contributions from public policy analysis. Data were based on a search of the literature, documents, and secondary sources and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in the policy. Factors related to the domestic and international contexts, the political process, and the policy's content influenced the institutional characteristics of tobacco control in the country. The study emphasizes the consolidation of Brazil's social rejection of smoking, government structuring of the policy, action by civil society, and Brazil's prestige in the international scenario. Inter-sector tobacco control measures like price and tax increases on cigarettes, the promotion of smoke-free environments, and the enforcement of health warnings contributed to the important reduction in prevalence of smoking. Implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Brazil, beginning in 2006, contributed to the expansion and consolidation of the national policy. However, tobacco-related economic interests limited the implementation of some strategic measures. The challenges feature the medium- and long-term sustainability of tobacco control and the solution to barriers involving crop diversification on current tobacco-growing areas, the fight against the illegal cigarette trade, and interference in the policy by the tobacco industry. :O estudo analisa a política brasileira de controle do tabaco entre 1986 e 2016, buscando caracterizar a trajetória da política e discutir os seus avanços, limites e desafios. Adotaram-se a perspectiva da economia política e contribuições do referencial de análise de políticas públicas. Realizou-se análise bibliográfica, documental, de dados secundários e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores envolvidos na política. Fatores relacionados ao contexto nacional e internacional, ao processo político e ao conteúdo da política influenciaram a institucionalidade do controle do tabaco no país. Ressaltam-se a consolidação da rejeição social ao tabagismo, a estruturação governamental da política, a atuação da sociedade civil e o prestígio do Brasil no cenário internacional. Medidas intersetoriais de controle do tabaco, como o aumento de preços e impostos de cigarros, a promoção de ambientes livres do fumo e a adoção de advertências sobre os malefícios do tabagismo contribuíram para a expressiva redução da prevalência de fumantes no período. A implementação da Convenção-Quadro para Controle do Tabaco da Organização Mundial da Saúde no Brasil, a partir de 2006, contribuiu para a expansão e consolidação da política nacional. No entanto, interesses econômicos relacionados ao tabaco limitaram a implementação de algumas ações estratégicas. Entre os desafios, destacam-se a sustentabilidade do controle do tabaco a médio e longo prazos e a superação das barreiras relacionadas à diversificação em áreas plantadas de fumo, ao combate ao comércio ilícito de cigarros e à interferência da indústria do fumo na política. :El estudio analiza la política brasileña de control al tabaco entre 1986 y 2016, procurando determinar la trayectoria de la política en este sentido, además de discutir sus avances, límites y desafíos. Se adoptaron la perspectiva de la economía política y contribuciones dentro del marco referencial del análisis a las políticas públicas. Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico, documental, de datos secundarios y de entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores involucrados en la política. Los factores relacionados con el contexto nacional e internacional, proceso político y contenido de la política influenciaron la institucionalidad del control al tabaco en el país. Se resaltan la consolidación del rechazo social al tabaquismo, la estructuración gubernamental de la política, la actuación de la sociedad civil y el prestigio de Brasil en el escenario internacional. Las medidas intersectoriales de control al tabaco, como el aumento de precios e impuestos de cigarrillos, la promoción de ambientes libres de tabaco y la adopción de advertencias sobre los perjuicios del tabaquismo contribuyeron a una expresiva reducción de la prevalencia de fumadores durante el período. La implementación de la Convención-Marco para el Control del Tabaco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en Brasil, a partir de 2006, contribuyó a la expansión y consolidación de la política nacional. No obstante, los intereses económicos, relacionados con el tabaco, limitaron la implementación de algunas acciones estratégicas. Entre los desafíos, se destacan la sostenibilidad del control al tabaco a medio y largo plazo y la superación de las barreras relacionadas con la diversificación en áreas plantadas con tabaco, el combate al comercio ilícito de cigarrillos y la interferencia de la industria del tabaco en la política.

journal_name

Cad Saude Publica

authors

Portes LH,Machado CV,Turci SRB

doi

10.1590/0102-311X00017317

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-02-19 00:00:00

pages

e00017317

issue

2

eissn

0102-311X

issn

1678-4464

pii

S0102-311X2018000205012

journal_volume

34

pub_type

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