Abstract:
:This study analyzes Brazil's tobacco control policy from 1986 to 2016, seeking to describe the policy's history and discuss its achievements, limits, and challenges. The study adopted a political economics approach and contributions from public policy analysis. Data were based on a search of the literature, documents, and secondary sources and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in the policy. Factors related to the domestic and international contexts, the political process, and the policy's content influenced the institutional characteristics of tobacco control in the country. The study emphasizes the consolidation of Brazil's social rejection of smoking, government structuring of the policy, action by civil society, and Brazil's prestige in the international scenario. Inter-sector tobacco control measures like price and tax increases on cigarettes, the promotion of smoke-free environments, and the enforcement of health warnings contributed to the important reduction in prevalence of smoking. Implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Brazil, beginning in 2006, contributed to the expansion and consolidation of the national policy. However, tobacco-related economic interests limited the implementation of some strategic measures. The challenges feature the medium- and long-term sustainability of tobacco control and the solution to barriers involving crop diversification on current tobacco-growing areas, the fight against the illegal cigarette trade, and interference in the policy by the tobacco industry. :O estudo analisa a política brasileira de controle do tabaco entre 1986 e 2016, buscando caracterizar a trajetória da política e discutir os seus avanços, limites e desafios. Adotaram-se a perspectiva da economia política e contribuições do referencial de análise de políticas públicas. Realizou-se análise bibliográfica, documental, de dados secundários e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores envolvidos na política. Fatores relacionados ao contexto nacional e internacional, ao processo político e ao conteúdo da política influenciaram a institucionalidade do controle do tabaco no país. Ressaltam-se a consolidação da rejeição social ao tabagismo, a estruturação governamental da política, a atuação da sociedade civil e o prestígio do Brasil no cenário internacional. Medidas intersetoriais de controle do tabaco, como o aumento de preços e impostos de cigarros, a promoção de ambientes livres do fumo e a adoção de advertências sobre os malefícios do tabagismo contribuíram para a expressiva redução da prevalência de fumantes no período. A implementação da Convenção-Quadro para Controle do Tabaco da Organização Mundial da Saúde no Brasil, a partir de 2006, contribuiu para a expansão e consolidação da política nacional. No entanto, interesses econômicos relacionados ao tabaco limitaram a implementação de algumas ações estratégicas. Entre os desafios, destacam-se a sustentabilidade do controle do tabaco a médio e longo prazos e a superação das barreiras relacionadas à diversificação em áreas plantadas de fumo, ao combate ao comércio ilícito de cigarros e à interferência da indústria do fumo na política. :El estudio analiza la política brasileña de control al tabaco entre 1986 y 2016, procurando determinar la trayectoria de la política en este sentido, además de discutir sus avances, límites y desafíos. Se adoptaron la perspectiva de la economía política y contribuciones dentro del marco referencial del análisis a las políticas públicas. Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico, documental, de datos secundarios y de entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores involucrados en la política. Los factores relacionados con el contexto nacional e internacional, proceso político y contenido de la política influenciaron la institucionalidad del control al tabaco en el país. Se resaltan la consolidación del rechazo social al tabaquismo, la estructuración gubernamental de la política, la actuación de la sociedad civil y el prestigio de Brasil en el escenario internacional. Las medidas intersectoriales de control al tabaco, como el aumento de precios e impuestos de cigarrillos, la promoción de ambientes libres de tabaco y la adopción de advertencias sobre los perjuicios del tabaquismo contribuyeron a una expresiva reducción de la prevalencia de fumadores durante el período. La implementación de la Convención-Marco para el Control del Tabaco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en Brasil, a partir de 2006, contribuyó a la expansión y consolidación de la política nacional. No obstante, los intereses económicos, relacionados con el tabaco, limitaron la implementación de algunas acciones estratégicas. Entre los desafíos, se destacan la sostenibilidad del control al tabaco a medio y largo plazo y la superación de las barreras relacionadas con la diversificación en áreas plantadas con tabaco, el combate al comercio ilícito de cigarrillos y la interferencia de la industria del tabaco en la política.
journal_name
Cad Saude Publicajournal_title
Cadernos de saude publicaauthors
Portes LH,Machado CV,Turci SRBdoi
10.1590/0102-311X00017317subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-19 00:00:00pages
e00017317issue
2eissn
0102-311Xissn
1678-4464pii
S0102-311X2018000205012journal_volume
34pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract::The aim of the study was to verify the influence of pressure from sociocultural agents on dissatisfaction with face and body in young women mediated by the internalization of the lean and muscular body and to identify the contribution of individual characteristics to this model. A total of 612 university female studen...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00059220
更新日期:2020-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Vector control strategies against indigenous species is not easy, due to their capacity to reinvade treated premises from sylvatic ecotopes. Between August 1996 and December 1997 we conducted a study on reinfestation of houses after spraying in a county in the State of Ceará. Of 277 houses examined, 113 (40.8%) were i...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of primary care to population health and health systems organization has been well documented, but some authors have highlighted that in Third World countries it has gained more ground in discourse than in facts and practices, with different possible configurations. The objectives of the current study...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2009000500022
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article aims to systematize the profile of cocaine and crack users in Brazil. The study adopted a literature review of the MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library databases and CAPES thesis/dissertation database. Data were grouped in thematic categories: national household surveys, surveys of specific population groups...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008001600007
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to describe the distribution of social support networks for the elderly in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, based on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. A probability sample of 1,568 elderly persons (> 60 years) was studied (SABE query), focusing on structural and functional dimensions of soc...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007001200019
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to understand how physicians at the largest emergency department in a large Brazilian city orient care for critical patients with suspected brain death and who are potential organ donors. This ethnographic study was conducted in an emergency care hospital, a reference in traumatology in...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00061718
更新日期:2018-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::This article analyzes the spatial distribution of homicide rates in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, using data from the Ministry of Health Mortality Information System (SIM/MS) from 1996 to 2000. Population data used to calculate rates were also obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Minas Gerais has a large terr...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2004000500021
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed at establishing the cross-cultural equivalence of scales used to evaluate physical activity level and measure cardiorespiratory fitness, for further application in elderly subjects. Three scales were identified after systematic review: Veterans Physical Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), Rating of Perceiv...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008001100005
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1987 the University of Guadalajara performed a seroepidemiological survey on the prevalence of Chagas disease in the 124 counties of the State of Jalisco, Mexico, arriving at a rate of 21.6 per 100 inhabitants. From December 1993 to June 1994, we studied 2238 individuals from 32 rural counties in this State. Of th...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1995000300026
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The public-private mix in the Brazilian health system favors double coverage of health services for individuals with private health plans and may aggravate inequities in the use of services. The aim of this study was to describe trends in the use of medical and dental services and associations with schooling and priva...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00052017
更新日期:2018-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::This qualitative study explores the illness experiences, the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation as perceived by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their rationale for improvements in health. 23 patients participated in a daily, three-month home-based pulmonary rehabilitation. A pre-post s...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311x00072313
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inadequate nutrient intake, oral health and family cohesion. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 887 non-institutionalized elderly people from Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Oral examination was performed by trained and calibrated ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2011000100012
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to characterize Giardia duodenalis infection among children living in sub-standard settlement areas in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The cross-sectional epidemiological study included 590 children from 1 to 5 years of age. Data were collected from ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007000600024
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article compares the food intake of overweight and normal-weight adolescents from 12 to 17.9 years of age (71.8% of the original sample). Data were obtained in a survey performed in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1995-1996. Food intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2003000500027
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1590/0102-311x00237418
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, shows high potential receptiveness to the introduction, dissemination, and persistence of dengue transmission. The pattern of territorial occupation in the municipality produced a heterogeneous and diverse mosaic, with differential vector distribution between and within neighborhood...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00186615
更新日期:2017-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::This article proposes a model for quality evaluation of oral health care in children. The conceptual framework for the evaluation matrix consisted of evaluation studies on oral health care services in Brazil and other countries and a survey and review of prevailing public policies for children's health in Brazil. Two ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00006415
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) aims at standardization, but its applicability requires consistent instruments. In Brazil, invasive therapeutic approaches are frequent, leading to functional alterations. The current study thus aimed to identify and discuss instruments capa...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiology of dengue in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, was studied in 1998 using a randomized sero-epidemiological survey. Epidemiological surveillance data from 1996-2003 were also analyzed, with an emphasis on virological surveillance. 1,260 individuals participated in the survey and had bloo...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007000300025
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This cross-sectional study included 20,084 students from urban schools (first to fourth-grade) in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Weight and height were measured, and nutritional status was classified according to the World Health Organization (height deficit) and International Obesity Task Force (overweight...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008000700021
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors present a methodological proposal for studying suicide and suicide attempts from a combined socio-anthropological, epidemiological, and psychosocial perspective. This interdisciplinary and complex research model simultaneously examined individual, socioeconomic, historical/cultural, and population data as ...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2006000800007
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tripartite Influence Scale (TIS) is used to assess the influence of social and family factors on individuals' body image. However, little evidence has been presented on the validity of the TIS construct. The study aimed to estimate the psychometric indicators in TIS and identify the degree of influence of the medi...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00179318
更新日期:2019-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::The establishment of universal targets for HIV/AIDS control and the implementation of treatment as prevention reinforce the need for on-going clinical follow-up of persons living with HIV/AIDS as an essential element of their care, where retention in care is both a need and a challenge. This study aimed to create a pr...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00209416
更新日期:2018-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate the association between satisfaction with the neighborhood environment and self-rated health among older elderly, data from 814 participants of the eleventh wave of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging were analyzed using robust Poisson regression analyses. Those elderly with higher satisfaction wi...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2011001500009
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This evaluative study focused on expansion of the Family Health Strategy in large cities in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The study analyzed the functionality of health care modalities, performance, and supply of comprehensive care itself and its link to services at other levels. The thrust of the analysis was compreh...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2009000500012
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed at assessing the potential impact of the reduction of sodium content in processed foods in the average salt intake in the Brazilian population. A total of 32,900 participants of the first National Dietary Survey (NDS 2008-2009), age 10 years and older who provided information about food intake over tw...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311X00064615
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to describe vulnerability profiles and to verify their association with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among 295 HIV-patients receiving their first prescription in two public-referral centers in Minas Gerais States, Brazil. The cumulative incidence of non-adherence was 3...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008001100015
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different factors have been identified as influencing drug prescribers. Some studies emphasize the role played by sources of information available to physicians. Reports have been published on the influence of marketing strategies on these health professionals. Such strategies include advertisements in medical journal...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2000000200012
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brazil has developed policies for the prevention and control of obesity through the Brazilian Unified National Health System. This study analyzed the characteristics of proposed "models of care" reported by health professionals in primary care in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The methods included interviews and focus g...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/0102-311x00093419
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Creative and innovative strategies to recruit smokers are essential for improving tobacco control activities. Currently in Brazil, through health warning messages on cigarette packs, there is a permanent and intense spread of messages that provoke feelings of loss associated with smoking, which is important to encoura...
journal_title:Cadernos de saude publica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2009001100022
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00