Abstract:
:Of the two million people estimated to be newly infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) every year, 95% live in poorer regions of the world where effective HIV treatment is not universally available. Strategies to reduce the spread of HIV infection, which predominantly occurs via sexual contact, are urgently required. In the absence of an effective vaccine, a number of approaches to prevent HIV infection have been developed. These include using potent anti-HIV drugs prophylactically, either through systemic administration or topical application to the mucosal tissues that HIV initially encounters during sexual transmission. Genetic deficiency of the chemokine receptor CCR5 provides individuals with a remarkable degree of protection from HIV acquisition. This is because CCR5 is the major coreceptor used by HIV to infect new target cells. Since CCR5 deficiency does not appear to carry any health disadvantages, targeting the receptor is a promising strategy for both therapy and prevention of HIV. In this review we first describe the advantages and limitations of the currently available strategies for HIV prevention, then we focus on strategies targeting CCR5, covering the progress that has been made in developing different classes of CCR5 inhibitors for prophylaxis, and the perspectives for their future development as new weapons in the global fight against HIV/AIDS.
journal_name
Swiss Med Wklyjournal_title
Swiss medical weeklyauthors
Hartley O,Martins E,Scurci Idoi
10.4414/smw.2018.14580subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-26 00:00:00pages
w14580eissn
1424-7860issn
1424-3997pii
smw-14580journal_volume
148pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Adverse reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently reported, particularly among asthmatic patients. To date, there is no causal treatment available apart from tolerance induction. Therefore, the search for safe alternative drugs is of pivotal importance in clinical practice. OB...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:2006/43/smw-11358
更新日期:2006-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Sayana® was introduced as the first depot medroxyprogesterone acetate-containing contraceptive that is administered via subcutaneous injection. Within 10 months, the Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre (RPVC) Zurich received several anonymous reports of serious local reactions after Sayana® administration. In thi...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2017.14432
更新日期:2017-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Rehabilitation can be referred to as a "black box" because little is known about what specific interventions comprise the rehabilitation process, including patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite that rehabilitation professionals can "see" daily what rehabilitation looks like, the contribution of each interven...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13673
更新日期:2012-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Sequencing the human genome was the big challenge of the last decade. Ten years later, the large amount of DNA sequences accumulated in our databases allows us to look at genome variations between humans. The level of complexity of these variations is much higher than previously expected. It goes from changes in the n...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13321
更新日期:2011-12-19 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:We aimed to identify familial hypercholesterolaemia mutation carriers among participants to the Lausanne Institutional Biobank (BIL). Our experimental workflow was designed as a proof-of-concept demonstration of the resources and services provided by our integrated institutional clinical research support platform....
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2016.14326
更新日期:2016-08-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Considerable criticism has lately been raised by the media regarding the quality of Swiss medical expertises. The present investigation was therefore undertaken to assess the professional quality of Swiss medical expertises. The study was part of a market analysis of medical expertises (MGS study). METHODS:...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13173
更新日期:2011-03-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIM:Perinatal and infant mortality rates are considered key indicators of medical care. The aim of this investigation was to examine how representative and reliable the official national figures of Switzerland are by comparing them with the data in local birth registers. METHODS:124 of 156 maternity hos...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2005/29/smw-10946
更新日期:2005-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) accounts for 15-20% of all autopsy confirmed dementias in old age. Characteristic histopathological changes are intracellular Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, with abundant senile plaques but sparse neurofibrillary tangles. Core clinical features are fluctuating cognitive impairment, pers...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:2003/09/smw-10028
更新日期:2003-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, are lipid-lowering agents that have been shown to effectively decrease severe rejection periods and development of transplant coronary artery disease after heart transplantation. Precise regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) gene expression pla...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2001/03/smw-06144
更新日期:2001-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:It has been proposed that reactive oxygen species play a role in renal fibrosis. 8-OHdG, a metabolite of oxidative damage to leukocyte DNA, has been identified as a marker of oxidative stress in patients with chronic renal failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Seventy-four patients following nephrectomy were ret...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13268
更新日期:2011-10-12 00:00:00
abstract:PRINCIPLES:Current evidence indicates that chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be detected by simple laboratory tests. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening and subsequent treatment in different populations. METHODS:Cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening in a cohort o...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13508
更新日期:2012-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::A prominent 2014 series by The Lancet on "Increasing value, reducing waste in biomedical research" provided recommendations on how to optimise precious resources, including in clinical research. Despite being ideally placed to lead the movement in patient-oriented clinical research, academia struggles to take correspo...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2018.14615
更新日期:2018-04-26 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTION UNDER STUDY:What are the trends in avoidable cancer mortality in Switzerland and neighbouring countries? METHODS:Mortality data and population estimates 1996-2010 were obtained from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office for Switzerland and the World Health Organization Mortality Database (http://www.who.int/he...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14184
更新日期:2015-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTION UNDER STUDY:To investigate the change over time in the number of ED admissions with positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and to evaluate predictors of BAC level. METHODS:We conducted a single site retrospective study at the ED of a tertiary referral hospital (western part of Switzerland) and obtained al...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2014.13982
更新日期:2014-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is associated with a wide range of non-specific symptoms, whose time course and prognostic significance are ill defined. METHODS:We observed a large CO poisoning in a homogenous cohort of 38 male recruits and compared their symptoms with those of 46 unexposed controls from the...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2005/27/smw-11149
更新日期:2005-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Calcitonin was discovered in the early 1960s [1], at which time it was assumed to be a single hormone with a yet-to-be-determined role in human physiology. Since then it has been found to be only one entity among a large array of related circulating peptides, at least one of which has a pivotal role in the host respon...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:2001/41/smw-09751
更新日期:2001-10-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With its high incidence and subsequent adverse consequences in the intensive care setting, several instruments have been developed to screen for and detect delirium. One of the more commonly used is the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC); however, the optimal cut-off score indicating deliriu...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2018.14597
更新日期:2018-03-14 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:There is increasing pressure on general practitioners (GPs) to identify patients with abdominal obesity in order to reduce the life-threatening consequences of this condition in the population. We aimed to confirm previous findings on the inaccuracy of anthropometric measurements performed by GPs in an academic...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14115
更新日期:2015-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary rehabilitation is a form of therapy for patients with chronic lung disease that is evidence based, which ameliorates performance and endurance of the patient and improves quality of life significantly. Pulmonary rehabilitation also diminishes the amount of hospitalisations and the duration of stay in hospita...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:2005/05/smw-10718
更新日期:2005-02-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Introduction of potent antiretroviral combination therapy (ART) has reduced overall morbidity and mortality amongst HIV-infected adults. Some prophylactic regimes against opportunistic infections can be discontinued in patients under successful ART. QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY:(1) The influence of the availabilit...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:2001/31/smw-09728
更新日期:2001-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:PRINCIPLES:Heart failure is associated with a grim prognosis. Disease management programmes can improve prognosis in heart failure patients but the applicability to the general population remains limited. We aimed to compare the outcome, pharmacological therapy, and quality of life in unselected heart failure patients ...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:2006/17/smw-11274
更新日期:2006-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1946 the development of fractionation and purification methods of human plasma led to biologic immunoglobulin for intravenous use (IVIG). In 1980 a child with refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), bleeding and secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia due to long term immunosuppressive treatment got IVIG. His platele...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13593
更新日期:2012-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preventive treatment may avoid future cases of tuberculosis among asylum seekers. The effectiveness of preventive treatment depends in large part on treatment completion. METHODS:In a prospective cohort study, asylum seekers of two of the Swiss Canton Vaud migration centres were screened with the Interferon...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2013.13860
更新日期:2013-09-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) have been shown to be safer, more effective and more convenient than unfractionated heparin (UFH) in many clinical situations. However, their use is limited in patients with renal insufficiency (RI) due to bioaccumulation. METHOD:The literature is critically reviewed and...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:smw-11284
更新日期:2009-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is designed to guarantee sufficient oxygenation for a foetus at risk of airway obstruction. This is achieved by improving lung ventilation, usually by establishing an airway during caesarean delivery whilst preserving the foetal-placental circulation temporarily. Ind...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:2007/19/smw-11526
更新日期:2007-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a pulmonary disease, but also affects the cardiovascular system in multiple ways. In this review, we will summarise and put into perspective findings and debates relating to the diverse aspects of cardiovascular involvement of COVID-19. We will review evidence for the r...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20417
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY:Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-bound enzyme system which plays a key role in the protection of LDL and HDL from oxidation by hydrolysing activated phospholipids and lipid peroxide products. Oxidative stress has been involved in the pathogenesis of many complications of human pregnancy, including e...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:smw-12495
更新日期:2009-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:QUESTION UNDER STUDY:The present study aimed to compare the prevalence of work-life conflicts and the health status of physicians, with a representative sample of university graduates as well as with a representative sample of the general Swiss working population. Furthermore, it aimed to analyse whether work-life conf...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2010.13063
更新日期:2010-07-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent years, several treatment modalities have proved to be effective in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). However, there is currently no consensus on the sequence in which these options are best used. METHODS:In this observational study, we analysed the treatment modalities and sequences ...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20176
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Renal replacement therapy for paediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has developed steadily since its introduction five decades ago. Continuous and long-term analysis of patient outcomes is essential for quality control. METHODS:The Swiss Paediatric Renal Registry, founded in 1970, includes patients diag...
journal_title:Swiss medical weekly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20300
更新日期:2020-07-27 00:00:00