Abstract:
:The mouse is widely used as system to study human genetic mechanisms. However, extensive rewiring of transcriptional regulatory networks often confounds translation of findings between human and mouse. Site-specific gain and loss of individual transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) has caused functional divergence of orthologous regulatory loci, and so we must look beyond this positional conservation to understand common themes of regulatory control. Fortunately, transcription factor co-binding patterns shared across species often perform conserved regulatory functions. These can be compared to 'regulatory sentences' that retain the same meanings regardless of sequence and species context. By analyzing TFBS co-occupancy patterns observed in four human and mouse cell types, we learned a regulatory grammar: the rules by which TFBS are combined into meaningful regulatory sentences. Different parts of this grammar associate with specific sets of functional annotations regardless of sequence conservation and predict functional signatures more accurately than positional conservation. We further show that both species-specific and conserved portions of this grammar are involved in gene expression divergence and human disease risk. These findings expand our understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, suggesting that phenotypic divergence and disease risk are driven by a complex interplay between deeply conserved and species-specific transcriptional regulatory pathways.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Diehl AG,Boyle APdoi
10.1093/nar/gky018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-28 00:00:00pages
1878-1894issue
4eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962pii
4817398journal_volume
46pub_type
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