Abstract：
:Fluorescence is widespread in marine organisms but uncommon in terrestrial tetrapods. We here show that many chameleon species have bony tubercles protruding from the skull that are visible through their scales, and fluoresce under UV light. Tubercles arising from bones of the skull displace all dermal layers other than a thin, transparent layer of epidermis, creating a 'window' onto the bone. In the genus Calumma, the number of these tubercles is sexually dimorphic in most species, suggesting a signalling role, and also strongly reflects species groups, indicating systematic value of these features. Co-option of the known fluorescent properties of bone has never before been shown, yet it is widespread in the chameleons of Madagascar and some African chameleon genera, particularly in those genera living in forested, humid habitats known to have a higher relative component of ambient UV light. The fluorescence emits with a maximum at around 430 nm in blue colour which contrasts well to the green and brown background reflectance of forest habitats. This discovery opens new avenues in the study of signalling among chameleons and sexual selection factors driving ornamentation.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Prötzel D,Heß M,Scherz MD,Schwager M,Padje AV,Glaw Fdoi
10.1038/s41598-017-19070-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-15 00:00:00pages
698issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-017-19070-7journal_volume
8pub_type
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