Role of the peripheral innate immune system in the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract:

:Alzheimer's disease is one of the most devastating neurodegenerative diseases. The exact cause of the disease is still not known although many scientists believe in the beta amyloid hypothesis which states that the accumulation of the amyloid peptide beta (Aβ) in brain is the initial cause which consequently leads to pathological neuroinflammation. However, it was recently shown that Aβ may have an important role in defending the brain against infections. Thus, the balance between positive and negative impact of Aβ may determine disease progression. Microglia in the brain are innate immune cells, and brain-initiated inflammatory responses reflected in the periphery suggests that Alzheimer's disease is to some extent also a systemic inflammatory disease. Greater permeability of the blood brain barrier facilitates the transport of peripheral immune cells to the brain and vice versa so that a vicious circle originating on the periphery may contribute to the development of overt clinical AD. Persistent inflammatory challenges by pathogens in the periphery, increasing with age, may also contribute to the central propagation of the pathological changes seen clinically. Therefore, the activation status of peripheral innate immune cells may represent an early biomarker of the upcoming impact on the brain. The modulation of these cells may thus become a useful mechanism for modifying disease progression.

journal_name

Exp Gerontol

journal_title

Experimental gerontology

authors

Le Page A,Dupuis G,Frost EH,Larbi A,Pawelec G,Witkowski JM,Fulop T

doi

10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.019

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-07-01 00:00:00

pages

59-66

eissn

0531-5565

issn

1873-6815

pii

S0531-5565(17)30541-7

journal_volume

107

pub_type

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