Abstract:
:Pain scales using faces are commonly used tools for assessing pain in children capable of communicating. However, some children require other types of pain scales because they have difficulties in understanding faces pain scales. The goal of this study was to develop and validate the "Pain Block" concrete ordinal scale for 4- to 7-year-old children. This was a multicenter prospective observational study in the emergency department. Psychometric properties (convergent validity, discriminative validity, responsivity, and reliability) were compared between the "Pain Block" pain scale and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) to assess the validity of the "Pain Block" scale. A total of 163 children (mean age, 5.5 years) were included in this study. The correlation coefficient between the FPS-R and the Pain Block scale was 0.82 for all participants which increased with age. Agreement between the 2 pain scales was acceptable, with 95.0% of the values within the predetermined limit. The differences in mean scores between the painful group and nonpainful group were 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.6-4.1) and 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 3.1-4.6) for FPR-S and Pain Block, respectively. The pain scores for both pain scales were significantly decreased when analgesics or pain-relieving procedures were administered (difference in Pain Block, 2.4 [1.4-3.3]; and difference in FPS-R, 2.3 [1.3-3.3]). The Pain Block pain scale could be used to assess pain in 4- to 7-year-old children capable of understanding and counting up to the number 5, even if they do not understand the FPS-R pain scale.
journal_name
Painjournal_title
Painauthors
Jung JH,Lee JH,Kim DK,Jung JY,Chang I,Kwon H,Shin J,Paek SH,Oh S,Kwak YHdoi
10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001131subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
656-662issue
4eissn
0304-3959issn
1872-6623pii
00006396-201804000-00006journal_volume
159pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究相关文献
PAIN文献大全abstract::Many studies of pain and nociception use short-lasting acute stimuli which may have limited relevance to prolonged or chronic pain states. Using extracellular single-unit recording in the dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord the present study examines the response of neurones to a long-lasting nociceptive stimulu...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)90023-6
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The facial expression of pain plays a crucial role in pain communication and pain diagnostics. Despite its importance, it has remained unknown which dimensions of pain (sensory and/or affective) are encoded in the face. To answer this question, we used a well-established cognitive strategy (suggestions) to differentia...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.027
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gabapentin is an effective option for the treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes because of its efficacy and favorable side-effect profile. A case is presented of a 58 year old man who developed a painful polyneuropathy while being treated with gabapentin. ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00188-7
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although perceived control has been used as a means of reducing the reaction to pain, conceptually, much is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of control as a mediating variable in the reaction to pain as a function of the predispositional variables of perceived self-efficacy and trait...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90059-4
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic pain after tissue trauma is frequent and may have a lasting impact on the functioning and quality of life of the affected person. Despite this, chronic postsurgical and posttraumatic pain is underrecognised and, consequently, undertreated. It is not represented in the current International Classification of Di...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001413
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::TRPV1 is expressed in a subpopulation of myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C-fibers. TRPV1+ fibers are essential for the transmission of nociceptive thermal stimuli and for the establishment and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia. We have previously shown that high-power, short-duration pulses from an infrared diod...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.01.007
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrusive pain is likely to have a serious impact on older people with limited ability to respond to additional stressors. Frailty is conceptualised as a functional and biological pattern of decline accumulating across multiple physiological systems, resulting in a decreased capacity to respond to additional stressors...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.08.011
更新日期:2008-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Online educational interventions are increasingly developed for health professionals and students, although graduate and undergraduate medical curricula often contain limited information about how to assess and manage pain. This study reviews the literature on the effectiveness of pain-related online educational resou...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001146
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Below-level central neuropathic pain (CNP) affects a large proportion of spinal cord injured individuals. To better define the dynamic changes of the spinal cord neural network contributing to the development of CNP after spinal cord injury (SCI), we characterized the morphological and behavioral correlates of CNP in ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000422
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium current (ICa) and gain of low-voltage-activated (LVA) ICa after painful peripheral nerve injury cause elevated excitability in sensory neurons. Nerve injury is also accompanied by increased expression of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin-4 (TSP4), and int...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000612
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are few prospective studies assessing risk factors for onset of temporomandibular (TMD) pain disorders in any age group. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to identify risk factors for onset of clinically significant TMD pain (i.e., pain meeting research diagnostic criteria for myofascial pain and/or a...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.012
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuropeptide bradykinin (BK) sensitizes nociceptor activation following its release in response to inflammatory injury. Thereafter, the bioactivity of bradykinin is controlled by the enzymatic activities of circulating peptidases. One such enzyme, the metalloendopeptidase EC3.4.24.15 (EP24.15), is co-expressed wit...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.044
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence indicates that pain-related fear can be acquired through associative learning. In the clinic, however, spreading of fear and avoidance is observed beyond movements/activities that were associated with pain during the original pain episode. One mechanism accounting for this spreading of fear is stimulus...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.10.025
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The German Randomized Acupuncture Trial for chronic shoulder pain (GRASP) comprised 424 outpatients with chronic shoulder pain (CSP) > or =6 weeks and an average pain score of VAS > or =50 mm, who were randomly assigned to receive Chinese acupuncture (verum), sham acupuncture (sham) or conventional conservat...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.036
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors are important pharmaceutical targets for antipruritic and analgesic therapy. Obtaining further knowledge on their roles and interrelationship in humans is therefore crucial. Preclinical results are contradictory concerning coexpression and functional interdependency of TRPV1 and TRPA1, bu...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001298
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined the effects of cannabinoid agonists on hyperalgesia in a model of neuropathic pain in the rat and investigated the possible sites of action. The antihyperalgesic activity of the cannabinoids was compared with their ability to elicit behavioural effects characteristic of central cannabinoid activity. W...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00474-7
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::After a pilot study had indicated that the topical application of guanethidine might be of value in the treatment of tooth dentine hypersensitivity, a double-blind study was undertaken to investigate whether guanethidine was more effective than a distilled water control in alleviating dentinal pain. In 39 adult subjec...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90205-4
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of neuropathic pain is a major clinical challenge that has been met with minimal success. After peripheral nerve injury, a decrease in the expression of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2, a major neuronal Cl(-) extruder, leads to pathologic alterations in GABA(A) and glycine receptor function in the spinal cord. T...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.015
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood vessels and the pial surface of the brain, spinal cord and its roots are innervated by primary afferent neurones. Here, we have electrophysiologically characterized the functional properties of a subpopulation of these afferent fibres that supply the ventral roots of the cat sacral spinal cord. We have taken...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(91)90167-V
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic chronic pain conditions with a mismatch between anatomical abnormalities and symptoms can be categorized as somatoform pain disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria. A dysfunction of pain processing circuits has been suggested as one underlying pathophysiological factor. There is accumulating evidence for ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.003
更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Concerns over prescription opioids contributing to high levels of opioid use disorder and overdose have led policymakers and clinicians to seek means to reduce inappropriate and high-dose initial prescriptions. To inform such efforts, we sought to describe the clinical indications associated with opioid initiation and...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001242
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the incidence of pain related sexual dysfunction 1 year after inguinal herniorrhaphy and to assess the impact pain has on sexual function. In contrast to the well-described about 10% risk of chronic wound related pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy, chronic genital pain, dysejaculation, and sexual dysfuncti...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.035
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in pain produced by psychological factors (e.g., placebo analgesia) are thought to result from the activity of specific cortical regions. However, subcortical nuclei, including the periaqueductal gray and the rostroventral medulla, also show selective activation when subjects expect pain relief. These brainste...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.11.011
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathophysiology of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is largely unknown. Thus, the aim was to study oral mucosal blood flow in BMS-patients using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Thirteen BMS patients (11 female, two male; mean age+/-SD 64.3+/-7.9 years, mean disease duration 18.9+/-6.2 months) and 13 healthy non-smoking...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00410-3
更新日期:2001-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed nimodipine's ability to increase the analgesic effect of morphine in 32 patients suffering from cancer pain in a double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over study. Morphine administration began a few days before the start of the study. The analgesic effects of two combinations were compared: morphine (M) p...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03186-7
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blockade of spinal glycine receptors with intrathecal (i.t.) strychnine produces segmentally-localized allodynia in the rat; a reversible and highly reproducible effect that is attained without peripheral or central nerve injury. We investigated the effect of i.v. mexiletine, an orally active congener of lidocaine...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00021-3
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children of parents with chronic pain have higher rates of pain and internalizing (eg, anxiety and depressive) symptoms than children of parents without chronic pain. Parental modeling of pain behaviour and reinforcement of child pain have been hypothesized to underlie these relationships. These mechanisms were tested...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001658
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty patients with cancer pain receiving intermittent narcotics were admitted to a prospective study designed to assess the cognitive effects of narcotics. Twenty patients had undergone no change in narcotic dose or type greater than or equal to 7 days (stable dose, SD, group), and 20 patients had undergone an increa...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(89)90169-3
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of supraspinal gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors is known to result in antagonism of opioid analgesia. Since benzodiazepines enhance the action of GABA at GABAA receptors, we hypothesized that administration of these agents for preoperative sedation might antagonize the analgesic effects of opioid...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)03332-0
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraperitoneal administration of the serotonin 5-HT1A agonist, buspirone (1-5 mg/kg), produced dose- and time-related core hypothermia that was coincident with analgesia against a thermally noxious stimulus. Surface body temperature was not altered by buspirone. The 5-HT1A antagonist, NAN-190 (2 mg/kg, s.c.), blocked...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90042-A
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00