Community evolution increases plant productivity at low diversity.

abstract：:In animals, sex differences in immunity are proposed to shape variation in infection prevalence and intensity among individuals in a population, with females typically expected to exhibit superior immunity due to life-history trade-offs. We performed a systematic meta-analysis to investigate the magnitude and directio...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Kelly CD,Stoehr AM,Nunn C,Smyth KN,Prokop ZM

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asexual taxa often have larger ranges than their sexual progenitors, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations. The reasons given for this 'geographical parthenogenesis' are contentious, with expansion of the ecological niche or colonisation advantages of uniparental reproduction assumed most important...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Kirchheimer B,Wessely J,Gattringer A,Hülber K,Moser D,Schinkel CCF,Appelhans M,Klatt S,Caccianiga M,Dellinger A,Guisan A,Kuttner M,Lenoir J,Maiorano L,Nieto-Lugilde D,Plutzar C,Svenning JC,Willner W,Hörandl E,Dullin

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing pressure from policymakers for ecologists to generate more detailed 'attribution' analyses aimed at quantitatively estimating relative contributions of different driving forces, including anthropogenic climate change (ACC), to observed biological changes. Here, we argue that this approach is not pr...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Parmesan C,Burrows MT,Duarte CM,Poloczanska ES,Richardson AJ,Schoeman DS,Singer MC

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Food chain theory is one of the cornerstones of ecology, providing many of its basic predictions, such as biomass pyramids, trophic cascades and predator-prey oscillations. Yet, ninety years into this theory, the conditions under which these patterns may occur and persist in nature remain subject to debate. Rather tha...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Barbier M,Loreau M

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems are causing major changes to the composition and functioning of ecosystems. Understanding these changes is challenging because there are complex interactions between 'direct' effects of N on plant physiology and soil biogeochemistry, and 'indirect' effects cause...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Manning P,Newington JE,Robson HR,Saunders M,Eggers T,Bradford MA,Bardgett RD,Bonkowski M,Ellis RJ,Gange AC,Grayston SJ,Kandeler E,Marhan S,Reid E,Tscherko D,Godfray HC,Rees M

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrosystems ecology is an effort to understand ecological processes and interactions at the broadest spatial scales and has potential to help solve globally important social and ecological challenges. It is important to understand the intellectual legacies underpinning macrosystems ecology: How the subdiscipline fits...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Rose KC,Graves RA,Hansen WD,Harvey BJ,Qiu J,Wood SA,Ziter C,Turner MG

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A component of metabolic scaling theory has worked towards understanding the influence of metabolism over the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Specific models within this 'metabolic theory of biodiversity' (MTB) have addressed temperature gradients in speciation rate and species richness, but the scope of M...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Stegen JC,Enquist BJ,Ferriere R

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of positive species interactions is a rapidly evolving field in ecology. Despite decades of research, controversy has emerged as to whether positive and negative interactions predictably shift with increasing environmental stress as hypothesised by the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH). Here, we provide a syn...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： He Q,Bertness MD,Altieri AH

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although interspecific competition has long been recognised as a major driver of trait divergence and adaptive evolution, relatively little effort has focused on how it influences the evolution of intraspecific cooperation. Here we identify the mechanism by which the perceived pressure of interspecific competition inf...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Chen BF,Liu M,Rubenstein DR,Sun SJ,Liu JN,Lin YH,Shen SF

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological control of exotic invasive plants using exotic insects is practiced under the assumption that biological control agents are safe if they do not directly attack non-target species. We tested this assumption by evaluating the potential for two host-specific biological control agents (Urophora spp.), widely es...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Pearson DE,Callaway RM

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calls to understand the links between ecology and evolution have been common for decades. Population dynamics, i.e. the demographic changes in populations, arise from life history decisions of individuals and thus are a product of selection, and selection, on the contrary, can be modified by such dynamical properties ...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Kokko H,López-Sepulcre A

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classifying the biological traits of organisms can test conceptual frameworks of life-history strategies and allow for predictions of how different species may respond to environmental disturbances. We apply a trait-based classification approach to a complex and threatened group of species, scleractinian corals. Using...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Darling ES,Alvarez-Filip L,Oliver TA,McClanahan TR,Côté IM,Bellwood D

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change and variation in atmospheric ozone are influencing the intensity of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching ecosystems. Changing UVR regimes, in turn, may alter epidemics of infectious disease. This possibility hinges on the sensitivity of epidemiologically relevant traits of host and parasite to UVR. We a...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Overholt EP,Hall SR,Williamson CE,Meikle CK,Duffy MA,Cáceres CE

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Metabolic Theory of Ecology predicts that the slope of the rate-temperature relationship, E, remains consistent across traits and organisms, acting as a major determinant of large-scale ecological patterns. Although E has recently been shown to vary systematically, we have a poor understanding of its ecological si...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Nilsson-Örtman V,Stoks R,De Block M,Johansson H,Johansson F

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:'C4 photosynthesis' refers to a suite of traits that increase photosynthesis in high light and high temperature environments. Most C4 plants are grasses, which dominate tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas but are conspicuously absent from cold growing season climates. Physiological attributes of C4 photos...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Edwards EJ,Still CJ

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:'Should I stay or should I go?' is a fundamental question facing any candidate for emigration, as emigrating without outside information has major costs. Most studies on this topic have concentrated on risk-reducing strategies (e.g. exploration) developed after leaving the natal habitat. The idea that information migh...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Cote J,Clobert J

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding species coexistence has long been a major goal of ecology. Coexistence theory for two competing species posits that intraspecific density dependence should be stronger than interspecific density dependence. Great tits and blue tits are two bird species that compete for food resources and nesting cavities...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Gamelon M,Vriend SJG,Engen S,Adriaensen F,Dhondt AA,Evans SR,Matthysen E,Sheldon BC,Saether BE

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Geographic isolation substantially contributes to species endemism on oceanic islands when speciation involves the colonisation of a new island. However, less is understood about the drivers of speciation within islands. What is lacking is a general understanding of the geographic scale of gene flow limitation within ...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Salces-Castellano A,Patiño J,Alvarez N,Andújar C,Arribas P,Braojos-Ruiz JJ,Del Arco-Aguilar M,García-Olivares V,Karger DN,López H,Manolopoulou I,Oromí P,Pérez-Delgado AJ,Peterman WE,Rijsdijk KF,Emerson BC

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural ecosystems are shaped along two fundamental axes, space and time, but how biodiversity is partitioned along both axes is not well understood. Here, we show that the relationship between temporal and spatial biodiversity patterns can vary predictably according to habitat characteristics. By quantifying seasonal...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Van Allen BG,Rasmussen NL,Dibble CJ,Clay PA,Rudolf VHW

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Legumes capable of fixing atmospheric N2 are abundant and diverse in many tropical forests, but the factors determining ecological patterns in fixation are unresolved. A long-standing idea is that fixation depends on soil nutrients (N, P or Mo), but recent evidence shows that fixation may also differ among N2-fixing s...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Wurzburger N,Hedin LO

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Progressive habitat transformation causes global changes in landscape biodiversity patterns, but can be hard to quantify. Rarefaction/extrapolation approaches can quantify within-habitat biodiversity, but may not be useful for cases in which one habitat type is progressively transformed into another habitat type. To q...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Chao A,Colwell RK,Gotelli NJ,Thorn S

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In many animals acquiring limited reproductive opportunities involves competition for resources, mates and opposite-sex gametes. There is ambiguity in which competitive steps are included in measures of sexual selection: individuals who fail to obtain resources necessary for reproduction are often excluded. We illustr...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Klug H,Lindström K,Kokko H

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary dynamics of pathogens are critically important for disease outcomes, prevalence and emergence. In this study we investigate ecological conditions that may promote the long-term maintenance of virulence polymorphisms in pathogen populations. Recent theory predicts that evolution towards increased virul...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Barrett LG,Bell T,Dwyer G,Bergelson J

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Soaring birds migrate in massive numbers worldwide. These migrations are complex and dynamic phenomena, strongly influenced by meteorological conditions that produce thermal and orographic uplift as the birds traverse the landscape. Herein we report on how methods were developed to estimate the strength of thermal and...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Bohrer G,Brandes D,Mandel JT,Bildstein KL,Miller TA,Lanzone M,Katzner T,Maisonneuve C,Tremblay JA

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patterns of local adaptation are expected to emerge when selection is spatially heterogeneous and sufficiently strong relative to the action of other evolutionary forces. The observation of local adaptation thus provides important insight into evolutionary processes and the adaptive divergence of populations. The dete...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Blanquart F,Kaltz O,Nuismer SL,Gandon S

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of spatial heterogeneity in negative biological interactions on individual performance and species diversity have been studied extensively. However, little is known about the respective effects involving positive biological interactions, including the symbiosis between plants and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Livne-Luzon S,Ovadia O,Weber G,Avidan Y,Migael H,Glassman SI,Bruns TD,Shemesh H

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The coupling of ecology and evolution during range expansions enables mutations to establish at expanding range margins and reach high frequencies. This phenomenon, called allele surfing, is thought to have caused revolutions in the gene pool of many species, most evidently in microbial communities. It has remained un...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Gralka M,Stiewe F,Farrell F,Möbius W,Waclaw B,Hallatschek O

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nematomorph parasites manipulate crickets to enter streams where the parasites reproduce. These manipulated crickets become a substantial food subsidy for stream fishes. We used a field experiment to investigate how this subsidy affects the stream community and ecosystem function. When crickets were available, predato...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Sato T,Egusa T,Fukushima K,Oda T,Ohte N,Tokuchi N,Watanabe K,Kanaiwa M,Murakami I,Lafferty KD

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Shifts in species' phenology in response to climate change have wide-ranging consequences for ecological systems. However, significant variability in species' responses, together with limited data, frustrates efforts to forecast the consequences of ongoing phenological changes. Herein, we use a case study of three Nor...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Diez JM,Ibáñez I,Miller-Rushing AJ,Mazer SJ,Crimmins TM,Crimmins MA,Bertelsen CD,Inouye DW

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many animal populations display consistent individual differences in suites of correlated behaviours. While these so called 'animal personalities' can substantially influence the ecology and evolution of populations, little is known about cross-sex correlations of behaviour and thus the potential of personality to lim...

journal_title：Ecology letters

authors： Sprenger D,Dingemanse NJ,Dochtermann NA,Theobald J,Walker SP

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00