The oximes HI-6 and MMB-4 fail to reactivate soman-inhibited human and guinea pig AChE: A kinetic in vitro study.

abstract：:The classical way to demonstrate the efficiency of remediation is measuring the reduction of toxic compounds in the environment. Nevertheless, more important is the risk reduction in human health. To determine changing health effects, exposure and bio-effects have to be monitored at time of and during remediation. Kin...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rolle-Kampczyk UE,Rehwagen M,Franck U,Weiss H,Krumbiegel P,Herbarth O

更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron is a unique poison because it is not a xenobiotic. It is an essential element and highly reactive. Because of the critical dependence upon iron and its potential to damage tissues, elaborate mechanisms have evolved for its efficient absorption, transport, cellular uptake, storage and conservation. These are incom...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tenenbein M

更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The assessment of human exposure to chemicals present in the diet is a rapidly developing discipline. The formulation of the "risk analysis paradigm" by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in 1994 defined the exposure assessment as an essential step of the risk assessment process. This has re-enforced demands to those j...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Luetzow M

更新日期：2003-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cataract is the leading cause of blindness with an estimated 16 million people affected worldwide. d-galactose (d-gal) is a reducing sugar that widely distributed in foodstuffs, and studies show that d-gal could promote cataract formation by damaging nature lens epithelial cells (LECs). However, the underlying mechani...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Xu Y,Li Y,Ma L,Xin G,Wei Z,Zeng Z,Xing Z,Li S,Niu H,Huang W

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, the difficulties of genetic screening of occupationally exposed subjects for the evaluation of retrospective, and prospective, health risk assessments is illustrated with reference to glutathione S-transferase (GST) function. Individual differences in the magnitude and half-life of adduct levels, derive...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Leng G,Lewalter J

更新日期：2002-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Various hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist, including that CSCs develop from transformed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC). Since the polyether antibiotic salinomycin selectively kills CSCs, the present study aims to elucidate the effects of salinomycin on normal hBMSC. The immun...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Scherzed A,Hackenberg S,Froelich K,Rak K,Technau A,Radeloff A,Nöth U,Koehler C,Hagen R,Kleinsasser N

更新日期：2013-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary administration of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP; 2%) to male rats caused testicular atrophy. Serum non-esterified fatty acid increased while cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid decreased in treated rats. Testicular concentration of cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid increased in DEHP-treated ra...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Oishi S

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modulation of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase system by cadmium was investigated in male, adult DBA/2J mice treated with a single dose (16 micromol/kg body weight, i.p.) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Total CYP content of liver and kidney microsomes decreased maximally (56% and 85%, respectively) 24 and 18 h, re...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Abu-Bakar A,Satarug S,Marks GC,Lang MA,Moore MR

更新日期：2004-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major problem in drug development. Although some in vitro methods assessing DILI risk that utilize hepatic cell death or cellular stress as markers have been developed, the predictive ability of these tests is low. In this study, we sought to develop a novel cell-based assay for t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Oda S,Matsuo K,Nakajima A,Yokoi T

更新日期：2016-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of young male rats with dipentyl phthalate (DPP) produced significant decreases in testicular cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-450 dependent microsomal steroidogenic enzymes (17 alpha-hydroxylase, 17-20 lyase) and in the maximal binding of a natural substrate (progesterone) to testis microsomes. No effect was ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Foster PM,Thomas LV,Cook MW,Walters DG

更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to evaluate the possibility that the metabolism of pyridine may be important for its toxic actions, pyridine was compared with pyridine N-oxide, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine and pyridinium methyliodide in rats given equal molar doses of the chemicals i.p. Hepatoxicity was assessed b...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Carlson GP

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:P-glycoprotein (Pgp) participates in the export of numerous toxins, drugs, and physiological compounds. To examine the involvement of Pgp in smoke-induced oral cell insult, the effects of extracts of the mainstream tobacco smoke (TS) on Pgp were studied in an oral epidermal carcinoma cell line, OECM-1. TS was first ex...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pan WC,Chen RM,Shen YC,Chen CC,Ueng YF

更新日期：2009-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The disposition of methanol and its putative toxic metabolite formate has been studied in humans, non-human primates, and rodents after exposure to high, neurotoxic doses. The rate at which rodents detoxify formate is more rapid than that of primates. Formate, an endogenous biological substrate, is detoxified by metab...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Medinsky MA,Dorman DC

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as antioxidant defense system were evaluated in CHO-K1 cells after beauvericin (BEA) exposure. The effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) pre-treatment was assessed. GSH levels significantly decrease 18% a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Mallebrera B,Font G,Ruiz MJ

更新日期：2014-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:When cells from the human cell line NHIK3025 were cultured for 4 days, with hexavalent chromium (K2Cr2O7) at a concentration of 8 . 10(-7)M, the relative cell number was reduced to 38%. This effect of hexavalent chromium was abolished if ascorbic acid and chromate were added simultaneously to the incubation medium, bu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Jakobsen K,Eik-Nes KB

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyrethroid pesticides are used preferably over organochlorines and organophosphates due to their high effectiveness, low toxicity to non-target organisms and easy biodegradibility. However, it is possible that during the pyrethroid metabolism, there is generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pyrethroids may pr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kale M,Rathore N,John S,Bhatnagar D

更新日期：1999-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of sodium selenite administered acutely or repeatedly on the biochemical components of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase enzyme system was examined in male rats. 72 h following acute administration of selenium (2.4 mg Se/kg, i.p.), there was a significant decrease in ethylmorphine-N-demethylase activity ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Schnell RC,Early JL,Deimling MJ,Merrick BA,Davies MH

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The co-ordinated glucuronidation and export of compounds from cells is an important determinant in the detoxification of many compounds in vivo. Many UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and several multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) have been cloned and individually expressed to assess specificity of glucuronidation...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Cuff RL,Wade LT,Rychlik B,Jedlitschky GA,Burchell B

更新日期：2001-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to test the influence of nanoparticle size and surface area (SA) on cytokine secretion by co-cultures of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549), macrophages (differentiated THP-1 cells) and endothelium cells (EA.hy926) in a two-compartment system. We used monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticle...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Napierska D,Thomassen LC,Vanaudenaerde B,Luyts K,Lison D,Martens JA,Nemery B,Hoet PH

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), a putative receptor in Leydig cells, modulates steroidogenesis. Since benzodiazepines are commonly used in regional anesthesia, their peripheral effects need to be defined. Therefore, this study set out to investigate in vitro effects of the benzodiazepine midazolam (...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： So EC,Chang YT,Hsing CH,Poon PW,Leu SF,Huang BM

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of vitamin E on cell morphology and cellular protein thiols under oxidative stress was investigated in cultured rat hepatocytes with different vitamin E status. Hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of 100 microM alpha-tocopherol succinate for 24 h then treated with 1.5 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wang ST,Kuo JH,Chou RG,Lii CK

更新日期：1996-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy, which works to remove stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, is usually considered a "pro-survival" signal. Contrarily, apoptosis is programmed "pro-death" machinery. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of ubiquitous industrial pollutants. Our previous studies illustrated that a PCB quinone meta...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Shi Q,Wang Y,Dong W,Song E,Song Y

更新日期：2019-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The anesthetic potencies of n-alcohols increase progressively with lengthening of the carbon chain and then disappear at a cut-off point of a longer-chain n-alcohol. In order to assess the mechanisms for cut-off in mammalian central nervous system, the effects of a series of n-alcohols (C(2)-C(11)) were examined on th...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Takehana K,Hirota K,Roth SH,Masuda A,Ito Y

更新日期：2000-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxic mechanism of endosulfan, a widely used organochlorine pesticide, was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cell lines. A concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed when S. cerevisiae was exposed to endosulfan, and its cytotoxicity (IC(50)) was found to be 49 microM and 86 mic...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sohn HY,Kwon CS,Kwon GS,Lee JB,Kim E

更新日期：2004-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to the massive reduction of air-change rates in modern, energy-saving houses and dwellings, the contribution of volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions from wood-based materials to indoor air quality has become increasingly important. To evaluate toxicity of VOC mixtures typically emitted from pine wood and ori...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gminski R,Tang T,Mersch-Sundermann V

更新日期：2010-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Melamine is commonly used in a variety of consumer products such as furniture, dining ware, and food utensils. The chemical infamously gained worldwide attention by its illegal addition to a variety of foodstuffs in order to falsify protein content, which led to serious, sometimes fatal, health impacts in children and...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bolden AL,Rochester JR,Kwiatkowski CF

更新日期：2017-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolite of glucose. The serum MG level is increased in diabetic patients, and MG is implicated in diabetic complications related to embryonic development injury. We previously reported cytotoxic effects of MG on mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts, and a further association with defec...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chang YJ,Chan WH

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Potentiality of a protective effect of methionine against hepatotoxic action of vinyl chloride (VC) was assessed on rats, induced with phenobarbital and thereafter exposed to 50 000 ppm VC for 5 h. This extremely high dosage of VC warranted the appearance of drastic symptoms of liver injury in the course of 20 h poste...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wisniewska-Knypl JM,Sokal JA,Klimczak J,Dajniak A,Bogdanikowa B

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Goniothalamin, a styryllactone, has been shown to induce cytotoxicity via apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. In this study, we have examined the potential role of several genes, which were stably transfected into T-cell lines and which regulate apoptosis in different ways, on goniothalamin-induced cell death. Over...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Inayat-Hussain SH,Wong LT,Chan KM,Rajab NF,Din LB,Harun R,Kizilors A,Saxena N,Mourtada-Maarabouni M,Farzaneh F,Williams GT

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding of bisphenol A (BPA) and its halogenated derivatives (halogenated BPAs) to mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α ligand binding domain (mPPARα-LBD) was examined by a combination of in vitro investigation and in silico simulation. Fluorescence polarization (FP) assay showed that halogenated BPA...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zhang J,Li T,Wang T,Guan T,Yu H,Li Z,Wang Y,Wang Y,Zhang T

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00