Niche construction, sources of selection and trait coevolution.

abstract：:'Bioinspiration'-using phenomena in biology to stimulate research in non-biological science and technology-is a strategy that suggests new areas for research. Beyond its potential to nucleate new ideas, bioinspiration has two other interesting characteristics. It can suggest subjects in research that are relatively si...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Whitesides GM

更新日期：2015-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, far from arguing that evolutionary approaches to our own species permit us to describe the fundamental character of human nature, a prominent group of cultural evolutionary theorists has instead argued that the very idea of 'human nature' is one we should reject. It makes no sense, they argue, to spea...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Lewens T

更新日期：2017-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The scattering strength of a random medium relies on the geometry and spatial distribution of its components as well as on their refractive index. Anisotropy can, therefore, play a major role in the optimization of the scattering efficiency in both biological and synthetic materials. In this study, we show that, by ex...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Jacucci G,Onelli OD,De Luca A,Bertolotti J,Sapienza R,Vignolini S

更新日期：2019-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biofuels have gained increasing attention as an alternative to fossil fuels for several reasons, one of which is their potential to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. Recent studies have questioned the validity of claims about the potential of biofuels to reduce GHG emissions rel...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Khanna M,Crago CL,Black M

更新日期：2011-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of life on Earth (and elsewhere) must have occurred in a milieu that is far from equilibrium, such as at alkaline hydrothermal vents that would have harboured built-in gradients in temperature, redox potential and pH along with precipitated iron-bearing minerals capable of separating these gradients, con...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Ponce A

更新日期：2019-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, there has been a move away from the use of static in vitro two-dimensional cell culture models for testing the chemical safety and efficacy of drugs. Such models are increasingly being replaced by more physiologically relevant cell culture systems featuring dynamic flow and/or three-dimensional struct...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Hyndman L,McKee S,Mottram NJ,Singh B,Webb SD,McGinty S

更新日期：2020-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The placenta provides all the nutrients required for the fetus through pregnancy. It develops dynamically, and, to avoid rejection of the fetus, there is no mixing of fetal and maternal blood; rather, the branched placental villi 'bathe' in blood supplied from the uterine arteries. Within the villi, the feto-placental...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Clark AR,Lin M,Tawhai M,Saghian R,James JL

更新日期：2015-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of the baby to receive nutrients and oxygen in utero depends on the healthy development of the placenta. For maternal blood to adequately perfuse the placenta, it dramatically alters the arteries in the uterus that supply it with nutrient-rich blood right from the start of pregnancy. Placental cells (troph...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Saghian R,Bogle G,James JL,Clark AR

更新日期：2019-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A computational model of the outer hair cell (OHC) of the mammalian cochlea is presented. It addresses the way in which movement of ions controls the cell shape and regulates pH. The model takes into account the possible chloride-bicarbonate exchange function of prestin, a protein highly expressed in the plasma membra...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： West T,Ashmore J

更新日期：2014-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Moving from homogeneous water-splitting photocatalytic systems to photoelectrochemical devices requires the preparation and evaluation of novel p-type transparent conductive photoelectrode substrates. We report here on the sensitization of polystyrene-block-poly-(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) diblock copolymer-template...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Massin J,Bräutigam M,Kaeffer N,Queyriaux N,Field MJ,Schacher FH,Popp J,Chavarot-Kerlidou M,Dietzek B,Artero V

更新日期：2015-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:This article uses an integrative systems biological view of the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes to clarify some conceptual problems in biological debates about causality. The differential (gene-centric) view is incomplete in a sense analogous to using differentiation without integration in mathematics. D...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Noble D

更新日期：2011-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Owls are an order of birds of prey that are known for the development of a silent flight. We review here the morphological adaptations of owls leading to silent flight and discuss also aerodynamic properties of owl wings. We start with early observations (until 2005), and then turn to recent advances. The large wings ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Wagner H,Weger M,Klaas M,Schröder W

更新日期：2017-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel class of ultra-thin fibres, which affect microbial growth, were explored. The microbial properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) fibres containing 2, 4 and 8 wt% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were studied. GNPs were dispersed in a polymeric solution and processed using pressurized gyration. Electron microsco...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Matharu RK,Porwal H,Ciric L,Edirisinghe M

更新日期：2018-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Silica carriers equipped with molecular and supramolecular pH-sensitive nanovalves were designed by combination of sol-gel synthesis and selective postsynthetic modification. Mesoporous structure of synthesized materials was characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, small-angle X-ray diffraction...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Roik NV,Belyakova LA

更新日期：2016-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We construct the components for a family of computational models of the electrophysiology of the human foetal heart from 60 days gestational age (DGA) to full term. This requires both cell excitation models that reconstruct the myocyte action potentials, and datasets of cardiac geometry and architecture. Fast low-angl...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Pervolaraki E,Anderson RA,Benson AP,Hayes-Gill B,Holden AV,Moore BJ,Paley MN,Zhang H

更新日期：2013-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose that fungi Basidiomycetes can be used as computing devices: information is represented by spikes of electrical activity, a computation is implemented in a mycelium network and an interface is realized via fruit bodies. In a series of scoping experiments, we demonstrate that electrical activity recorded on f...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Adamatzky A

更新日期：2018-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Must higher level biological processes always be derivable from lower level data and mechanisms, as assumed by the idea that an organism is completely defined by its genome? Or are higher level properties necessarily also causes of lower level behaviour, involving actions and interactions both ways? This article uses ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Noble D

更新日期：2012-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate, by molecular dynamics simulation, the behaviour of discotic particles in a solvent of Lennard-Jones spheres. When chromonic disc-sphere interactions are imposed on these systems, three regimes of self-assembly are observed. At moderate temperatures, numerous short threads of discs develop, but these th...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Prybytak P,Frith WJ,Cleaver DJ

更新日期：2012-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0015.]. ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Müller GB

更新日期：2017-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In areas of oil and gas exploration, seismic lines have been reported to alter the movement patterns of wolves (Canis lupus). We developed a mechanistic first passage time model, based on an anisotropic elliptic partial differential equation, and used this to explore how wolf movement responses to seismic lines influe...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： McKenzie HW,Merrill EH,Spiteri RJ,Lewis MA

更新日期：2012-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The morphology of the toe epithelium of the rock frog, Staurois parvus (Family Ranidae), was investigated using a variety of microscopical techniques. The toe pad epithelium is stratified (four to five cell layers), the apical parts of the cells of the outermost layer being separated by fluid-filled channels. The surf...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Drotlef DM,Appel E,Peisker H,Dening K,Del Campo A,Gorb SN,Barnes WJ

更新日期：2015-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell migration participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, cancer metastasis, blood vessel formation and remoulding, tissue regeneration, immune surveillance and inflammation. The cells specifically migrate to destiny sites induced by the gradually varying conce...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Wu J,Mao Z,Tan H,Han L,Ren T,Gao C

更新日期：2012-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper proposes methods and technologies that advance the state of the art for modelling the musculoskeletal system across the spatial and temporal scales; and storing these using efficient ontologies and tools. We present population-based modelling as an efficient method to rapidly generate individual morphology ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Fernandez J,Zhang J,Heidlauf T,Sartori M,Besier T,Röhrle O,Lloyd D

更新日期：2016-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we show that solutions to ordinary differential equations describing the large-population limits of Markovian stochastic epidemic models can be interpreted as survival or cumulative hazard functions when analysing data on individuals sampled from the population. We refer to the individual-level survival...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： KhudaBukhsh WR,Choi B,Kenah E,Rempała GA

更新日期：2020-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Yves Bouligand's analysis of the organizations of biological materials in relation to those of liquid crystals enabled the development of the idea that physical forces exerting their actions under strong spatial constraints determine the structures and morphologies of these materials. The different levels of organizat...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Charvolin J,Sadoc JF

更新日期：2012-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Material deformation and pitting from cavitation bubble collapse is investigated using fluid and material dynamics and their interaction. In the fluid, a novel hybrid approach, which links a boundary element method and a compressible finite difference method, is used to capture non-spherical bubble dynamics and result...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Chahine GL,Hsiao CT

更新日期：2015-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Multi-site enzymes, defined as where multiple substrate molecules can bind simultaneously to the same enzyme molecule, play a key role in a number of biological networks, with the Escherichia coli protease ClpXP a well-studied example. These enzymes can form a low latency 'waiting line' of substrate to the enzyme's ca...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Hochendoner P,Ogle C,Mather WH

更新日期：2014-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological variety and major evolutionary transitions suggest that the space of possible morphologies may have varied among lineages and through time. However, most models of phylogenetic character evolution assume that the potential state space is finite. Here, I explore what the morphological state space might be li...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Hoyal Cuthill JF

更新日期：2015-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic β-cells use Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense core vesicles to release insulin. Exocytosis in β-cells has been studied biochemically, biophysically and optically. We have previously developed a biophysical method to monitor release of endogenous intragranular constituents that are co-released with ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Galvanovskis J,Braun M,Rorsman P

更新日期：2011-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Books with titles like 'The Call of the Wild' seemed to set a path for a life. Thus, I would be an explorer-a plan that did not work out so well, at least at first. On leaving school I got a job as a 'Works Chemist Improver', testing Ni catalysts for the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol. Taking night classes I ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Russell MJ

更新日期：2019-12-06 00:00:00