Abstract:
:Did you ever hear about epidemiology in Germany? Starting from an epidemiological desert the discipline has grown remarkably, especially during the last 10-15 years: research institutes have been established, research funding has improved, multiple curriculae in Epidemiology and Public Health are offered. This increase has been quite steep, and now the epidemiological infrastructure is much better. Several medium-sized and even big population cohorts are ongoing, and the number and quality of publications from German epidemiologists has reached a respectable level. My own career in epidemiology started in the field of environmental health. After German reunification I concentrated for many years on environmental problems in East Germany and observed the health benefits after improvement of the situation. Later, I concentrated on population-based cohorts in newborns (GINI/LISA) and adults (KORA, German National Cohort), and on biobanking. This Essay describes the development in Germany after worldwar 2, illustrated by examples of research results and build-up of epidemiological infractructures worth mentioning.
journal_name
Eur J Epidemioljournal_title
European journal of epidemiologyauthors
Wichmann HEdoi
10.1007/s10654-017-0290-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-01 00:00:00pages
635-656issue
8eissn
0393-2990issn
1573-7284pii
10.1007/s10654-017-0290-7journal_volume
32pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::In spring 1996, an outbreak of Q fever occurred among residents of a rural town (population: 300) in Germany. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to ascertain the extent of the outbreak and to assess potential risk factors for illness. In July 1996, all residents > or =15 years received a self-administered ques...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1007452503863
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insectivores (Erinaceus europaeus) and rodents (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus and Mus musculus) from different islands of the Azores Archipelago were found to carry three distinct Leptospira interrogans s.l. serovars (copenhageni, icterohaemorrhagiae and ballum) which have never been previously investigated there. The ...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1007383405833
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of sexual transmission in the diffusion of HCV infection, was studied through the seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the heterosexual habitual partners of 83 anti-HCV positive subjects. The index cases were represented by 10 dialysed subjects, 31 patients with chronic liver disease and 42 healthy carrie...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00145412
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Big Data and precision medicine, two major contemporary challenges for epidemiology, are critically examined from two different angles. In Part 1 Big Data collected for research purposes (Big research Data) and Big Data used for research although collected for other primary purposes (Big secondary Data) are discussed ...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-018-0385-9
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We discuss the analytic and practical considerations in a large case-control study that had two control groups; the first control group consisting of partners of patients and the second obtained by random digit dialling (RDD). As an example of the evaluation of a general lifestyle factor, we present body mass index (B...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-010-9475-z
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the introduction of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in the 1980s, a sharp increase in the incidence rate of prostate cancer was seen in the United States. The age-specific incidence patterns exhibited remarkable shifts to younger ages, and declining rates were observed at old ages. Similar trends were s...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0185-z
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is generally asymptomatic in children. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of HCV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on the clinical course of CHC considering age at the time of infection, length of infection, hepatitis virus C (HCV) genoty...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9125-2
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was one of the most common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients, leading to blindness or life-threatening disease in about 40% of patients in the later stages of AIDS before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In a retrospective multicenter study we investigated the incid...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1023/a:1007619323939
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been recent reports of substantial increases occurring in the incidence of and/or mortality from tongue and mouth cancers in several countries. In this paper using data from Scotland (1960-89) we report on time trends in pharyngeal cancer. Similar increases in rates are evident for cancers of the oropharynx...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00211431
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine the validity--estimated as the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values--of questionnaire-based parental reporting on Danish children's use of asthma drugs. Within a population-based cross-sectional study on the association between asthma and dental anxiety, we compared pare...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-004-1501-6
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:To study the relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA) and coffee consumption, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity habits. SETTING:The multicentre HARVEST trial, involving 17 Hospital Centres in Northeast Italy. SUBJECTS:351 borderline to mild hypertensive men (mean age +/- SEM 2...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00144001
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::No population-based study has assessed the prognostic impact on survival of the CD19 positive lymphocyte count, evaluated by immunophenotyping at diagnosis, in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Aiming at addressing this issue, we investigated the clinical outcome of a well-defined population of B-CLL patien...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-005-3777-6
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between September, 1988 and January, 1989 a common source outbreak of 47 cases of serologically confirmed hepatitis A occurred in a town of central Italy. Thirty-eight cases were primary, three co-primary and six secondary. The highest age-specific attack rate was seen in subjects aged 15-24 years (120 per 100,000); t...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00145788
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:High level of total serum calcium within the normal range has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We wanted to evaluate whether the physiological active ionised form of calcium also was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS:A total of 974 participants from a health survey i...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-005-5438-1
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protozoans of the genus Cryptosporidium may cause serious diarrhoeal illness in immunocompromised hosts and especially in HIV-infected patients. In this study we have evaluated the frequency of Cryptosporidium in stools of 51 HIV-infected patients with diarrhoea. Laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis was performed...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00158790
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium is a recently formed consortium of 29 groups from 12 European countries. It already comprises 21 population-based studies and 20 other studies (case-control, cases only, randomized trials), providing ophthalmological data on approximately 170,000 European participants. The...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0098-2
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case-control study of 107 colon cancer cases and 486 controls from an oncological clinic in Istanbul was conducted to examine the association between occupational physical activity and colon cancer in Turkey, where incidence of this disease is low. Only two of the four activity measures showed evidence of an increas...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00145330
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::While irregular menstruations have been associated with lower cumulative exposure to the ovarian steroids, shorter regular cycles have been postulated to increase the cumulative exposure. Epidemiological correlates with menstrual patterns were analyzed among 4900 premenopausal women aged 45 or younger from the New Yor...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1007669430686
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present investigation is the complex study of experimental infection in pregnant ewes by means of clinical, serological, biological, histological and Electron microscopy methods. Four ewes, pregnant from the 2nd to 5th month, were infected by intravenous (in one case by intraperitoneal) routes with a C....
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00140134
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the association between country of birth and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in several immigrant groups in Sweden. The study population included all adults (n = 3,226,752) aged 45 years and older in Sweden. AF was defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of AF in the National Patient Register. T...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0283-6
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella typhimurium was isolated in the culture test of a small child admitted to hospital suffering from febrile gastroenteritis with stools containing traces of mucus and blood. Her mother also resulted positive for this microorganism. The family had recently bought a small turtle, imported from Florida, at the c...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03334985
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the results of the investigation of an epidemic outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection which affected 95 schoolchildren from certain village in Catalonia. The investigation took an epidemiological, clinical and microbiological approach, detecting by capture enzyme-immunoassay technique the presence of ...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00145497
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescent antibody, immunoperoxidase and gold-silver staining methods for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of systemic mycotic infections are currently performed in a few specialized laboratories. These methods have proved applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and are reliable for identifying ther...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00158571
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a sample of inhabitants of the Arsi region of Ethiopia prevalence of hepatitis B is around 80% in the age group 20-24. In addition to age, sex and size of family, exposure to tribal practices is a determinant of seropositivity in this group accounting for as much as 20% of the total burden of the infection. Waiting...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00148915
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::At present, we can observe an evolution in ideas about the detection of HIV seropositivity through a qualitative analysis of specialised literature on the ethical aspects of AIDS. In the case of this disease, systematic screening of the population does not correspond to epidemiological criteria: it is wasteful, troubl...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00237357
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of molecular genetic approaches with oral mutans streptococci has resulted in the isolation of several genes which may be involved in the cariogenicity of these organisms. Among these are genes coding for cell surface proteins, sucrose metabolizing enzymes, and glycosyltransferase activities. The isola...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00149733
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The titres of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) were found to fall rapidly during 3-4 years after hepatitis A and more slowly thereafter, though they never reached undetectable levels in at least 23 years. The levels of anti-HAV in convalescents after overt hepatitis A were found to be significantly much higher...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00152715
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The follow-up of the French cohort of uranium miners has been extended to 1994, and a new source of information for causes of death has been used. The paper presents the new results regarding the risk of death among the cohort, and analyses the impact of the methodological changes on these results. The extension of th...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/b:ejep.0000017824.38966.01
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies based on databases, medical records and registers are used extensively today in epidemiological research. Despite the increasing use, no developed methodological literature on use and evaluation of population-based registers is available, even though data collection in register-based studies differs from resea...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9873-0
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In high income countries females outlive men, although they generally report worse health, the so-called male-female health-survival paradox. Russia has one of the world's largest sex difference in life expectancy with a male disadvantage of more than 10 years. We compare components of the paradox between Denmark and ...
journal_title:European journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9893-4
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00