Abstract：
:Zolpidem is a sedative that could be used to drug victims, but its suitability to dissolve in drinks is unknown. In this small study, we added either crushed or whole tablets of zolpidem hemitartrate to carbonated beverages or still water to observe how this affected the taste and appearance. Also, concentrations were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at different time intervals. Two crushed tablets (20 mg) in cider (250 mL) lead to a maximum concentration of 84 mg/L zolpidem base after 30 min, while the corresponding concentration after adding fifteen tablets (150 mg) was 467 mg/L. There was little change in taste, but froth and turbidity were observed when adding high doses to carbonated beverages. Carbonated beverages spiked with 20 mg of crushed zolpidem hemitartrate tablets reached concentrations that could cause impairment. Spiking with 150 mg could possibly be lethal if several mouthfuls were ingested.
journal_name
J Forensic Scijournal_title
Journal of forensic sciencesauthors
Heide G,Hjelmeland K,Brochmann GW,Karinen R,Høiseth Gdoi
10.1111/1556-4029.13604subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-01 00:00:00pages
911-914issue
3eissn
0022-1198issn
1556-4029journal_volume
63pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The same-source problem remains a major challenge in forensic toolmark and firearm examination. Here, we investigate the applicability of the Chumbley method (J Forensic Sci, 2018, 63, 849; J Forensic Sci, 2010, 55, 953) (10,12), developed for screwdriver markings, for same-source identification of striations on bulle...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13950
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abstract：:A standardized removal and dissection procedure is presented for human infant brain. A previously unreported cistern of the pineal gland must be severed at autopsy in order to preserve the gland's anatomic integrity during brain removal. Utilization of these methods to investigate Sudden Infant Death Syndrome brain ti...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to other methods for conservation of bite mark evidence, preservation of actual skin from deceased victims is often suggested. This study was undertaken to analyze the dimensional stability of such specimens. Utilizing a prefabricated template, marks approximating "bites" were made in postmortem skin of Mi...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal cortical pallor was studied as a potential marker at autopsy of diabetic ketoacidosis in 23 cases, hyperglycemic nonketotic coma in eight cases, and alcoholic ketoacidosis in five cases (vitreous humor glucose level≥11.1 mM; β-hydroxybutyrate level≥5 mM). Renal cortical pallor was noted on macroscopic examinatio...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：10.1111/1556-4029.12102
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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abstract：:Among the methods dealing with the age estimation, the evaluation of the ratio of the D-, L- form of the aspartic acid in tissues with a low metabolic turnover is considered to be the most precise. We introduced demineralization of the dentin with 0.5 M EDTA adjusted to pH = 7.4. The advantage of such a procedure is t...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.1111/1556-4029.14542
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suicide is an important problem, ranking among the top 10 causes of death for individuals in all ages in developed countries. This article is a retrospective study evaluating suicide cases in Assiut, one of the largest provinces in Egypt, from 2005 to 2009. There were 117 cases, of which involved 68 male victims (58.1...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：10.1111/1556-4029.12924
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：10.1111/1556-4029.14133
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic information in forensic studies is largely limited to CODIS data and the ability to match samples and assign them to an individual. However, there are circumstances, in which a given DNA sample does not match anyone in the CODIS database, and no other information about the donor is available. In this study, we...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01317.x
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abstract：:A method to use ionizing radiation to inactivate HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in human body fluids was studied in an effort to reduce the risk of accidental infection to forensic science laboratory workers. Experiments conducted indicate that an X-ray absorbed dose of 25 krad was required to completely inactivat...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The crossbow is an uncommon source of fatal injury. In Los Angeles County, two crossbow homicides have occurred in the past 20 years. Following the second case, a crossbow was test-fired into a fresh pork thigh, resulting in distinctive wounds. Experimental studies also showed that the vanes of the bolt (arrow) may be...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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doi：
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Examination of the adult os coxae and sacrum is one of the most common methods of sex estimation from bone. Medical imaging, such as computed tomography (CT), provides the opportunity for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the skeleton from clinical scans of known individuals in situ. In this study, a randomly selected...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
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