HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system.

Abstract:

:Despite the effectiveness of combined anti-retroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected-patients frequently report diarrhea and neuropsychological deficits. It is claimed that the viral HIV-1 Trans activating factor (HIV-1 Tat) protein is responsible for both diarrhea and neurotoxic effects, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. We hypothesize that colonic application of HIV-1 Tat activates glial cells of the enteric nervous system (EGCs), leading to a neuroinflammatory response able to propagate to the central nervous system. We demonstrated that HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea was associated with a significant activation of glial cells within the colonic wall, the spinal cord and the frontal cortex, and caused a consistent impairment of the cognitive performances. The inhibition of glial cells activity by lidocaine, completely abolished the above-described effects. These observations point out the role of glial cells as putative effectors in HIV-1 Tat-associated gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations and key regulators of gut-brain signaling.

journal_name

Sci Rep

journal_title

Scientific reports

authors

Esposito G,Capoccia E,Gigli S,Pesce M,Bruzzese E,D'Alessandro A,Cirillo C,di Cerbo A,Cuomo R,Seguella L,Steardo L,Sarnelli G

doi

10.1038/s41598-017-05245-9

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-08-10 00:00:00

pages

7735

issue

1

issn

2045-2322

pii

10.1038/s41598-017-05245-9

journal_volume

7

pub_type

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