Abstract:
:Mammals typically keep their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow limit with changing environmental conditions. There are indications that some wild ungulates can exhibit certain forms of energy saving mechanisms when ambient temperatures are low and/or food is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine if the llama, one of the most extensively kept domestic livestock species, exhibits seasonal adjustment mechanisms in terms of energy expenditure, Tb and locomotion. For that purpose llamas (N = 7) were kept in a temperate habitat on pasture. Locomotor activity, Tb (measured in the rumen) and the location of each animal were recorded continuously for one year using a telemetry system. Daily energy expenditure was measured as field metabolic rate (FMR). FMR fluctuated considerably between seasons with the lowest values found in winter (17.48 ± 3.98 MJ d-1, 402 kJ kg-0.75 d-1) and the highest in summer (25.87 ± 3.88 MJ d-1, 586 kJ kg-0.75 d-1). Llamas adjusted their energy expenditure, Tb and locomotor activity according to season and also time of day. Thus, llamas seem to have maintained the ability to reduce their energy expenditure and adjust their Tb under adverse environmental conditions as has been reported for some wild ungulates.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Riek A,Brinkmann L,Gauly M,Perica J,Ruf T,Arnold W,Hambly C,Speakman JR,Gerken Mdoi
10.1038/s41598-017-07946-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-08 00:00:00pages
7600issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-017-07946-7journal_volume
7pub_type
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