Abstract:
:Rat brain and adrenal gland were analyzed by hybridization histochemistry using an RNA probe complementary to mRNA for tyrosine 3-hydroxylase (TyrOHase; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.16.2), by immunohistochemistry using TyrOHase antiserum, and by retrograde tracing using the fluorescent compound Fast blue. Cell bodies in the ventral mesencephalon contained mRNA for TyrOHase, and these cells were also TyrOHase immunoreactive. After injection of Fast blue into the striatum, such double-labeled cells in addition contained the retrograde tracer, showing that these cells send axonal projections to the injection site. These results show that hybridization histochemistry can be used to identify transmitter-specific neuron populations and that their projections can be established.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Schalling M,Hökfelt T,Wallace B,Goldstein M,Filer D,Yamin C,Schlesinger DHdoi
10.1073/pnas.83.16.6208subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-08-01 00:00:00pages
6208-12issue
16eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A vitamin D(3) metabolite in intestine more polar than 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(3)(25-OH D(3)) has been detected by countercurrent distribution. The intestinal metabolite is found also after administration of labeled hydroxy D(3), indicating that it arises from vitamin D(3) via the intermediate 25-hydroxy derivative. The ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.1.177
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the T-cell somatic mutant J.CaM1, the T-cell antigen receptor complex is poorly coupled to the inositolphospholipid second messenger system; some antibodies against the invariant CD3 subunit of the receptor retain their agonist function in J.CaM1. Here we show by a combination of complementation assays that the mut...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.22.8613
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effect of actin filament barbed end uncapping on Arp23 complex function both in vivo and in vitro. Arp23 complex redistributes rapidly and uniformly to the lamellar edge of activated wild-type platelets and fibroblasts but clusters in marginal actin filament clumps in gelsolin-null cells. Treatment...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.222652499
更新日期:2002-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::The elongated three-helix bundle domains spectrin R16 and R17 fold some two to three orders of magnitude more slowly than their homologue R15. We have shown that this slow folding is due, at least in part, to roughness in the free-energy landscape of R16 and R17. We have proposed that this roughness is due to a frustr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1201793109
更新日期:2012-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian clock modulates expression of a large fraction of the Arabidopsis genome and affects many aspects of plant growth and development. We have discovered one way in which the circadian system regulates hormone signaling, identifying a node that links the clock and auxin networks. Auxin plays key roles in dev...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0813035106
更新日期:2009-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic homoacetogen, able to ferment sugars, other organic compounds, or CO(2)/H(2) and synthesis gas (CO/H(2)). The latter feature makes it an interesting microbe for the biotech industry, as important bulk chemicals and proteins can be produced at the expense of CO(2), thus combining...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1004716107
更新日期:2010-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Development of spatial patterns in multicellular organisms depends on gradients in the concentration of signaling molecules that control gene expression. In the Drosophila embryo, Bicoid (Bcd) morphogen controls cell fate along 70% of the anteroposterior axis but is translated from mRNA localized at the anterior pole....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0509483102
更新日期:2005-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Structure and function of p185neu receptor tyrosine kinase were found to be regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. In M phase, p185neu is hyperphosphorylated at serine and/or threonine residues. The phosphotyrosine [Tyr(P)] content of p185neu is at its highest level in G0/G1 phase, decreases through S and G2 phas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.4.1092
更新日期:1995-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured hippocampal slices prepared from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were exposed to an inhibitor of cathepsins B and L and then processed for immunocytochemistry using antibodies against human paired helical filaments. Dense, AT8-immunopositive deposits were found in the subiculum, stratum oriens of hippocampal ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.151253098
更新日期:2001-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen metabolism in bacteria and archaea is regulated by a ubiquitous class of proteins belonging to the P(II)family. P(II) proteins act as sensors of cellular nitrogen, carbon, and energy levels, and they control the activities of a wide range of target proteins by protein-protein interaction. The sensing mechanis...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1108038108
更新日期:2011-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::The "parallel-up" packing in cellulose Ialpha and Ibeta unit cells was experimentally demonstrated by a combination of direct-staining the reducing ends of cellulose chains and microdiffraction-tilting electron crystallographic analysis. Microdiffraction investigation of nascent bacterial cellulose microfibrils showed...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9091
更新日期:1997-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::A 900-base-pair (bp) sequence from a cDNA clone of the rye endosperm-storage-protein gene Sec-1 was labeled with biotin and hybridized to Secale cereale 'Blanco' chromosomes. Hybridization was seen on the satellite part of the short arm of chromosome 1R, where the Sec-1 gene has been genetically mapped, in approximate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.5.1899
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions are ubiquitous in a biological cell. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the distribution of protein-ligand interaction sites, namely ligand-binding pockets, around protein-protein interfaces where protein-protein interactions occur. We inspected a representative se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1117768109
更新日期:2012-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::In most human follicular B cell lymphomas the bcl-2 gene is up-regulated as a result of the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation generating a hybrid bcl-2-IgH mRNA. Recently, we have identified in t(14;18)-positive cells a bcl-2-IgH mRNA in the antisense orientation, putatively responsible for the overexpression of bcl-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.8150
更新日期:1997-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::We have used the newly engineered transposable element Dsg to tag a gene that gives rise to a defective kernel (dek) phenotype. Dsg requires the autonomous element Ac for transposition. Upon excision, it leaves a short DNA footprint that can create in-frame and frameshift insertions in coding sequences. Therefore, we ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1703498114
更新日期:2017-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Polyadenylation, the process of eukaryotic mRNA 3' end formation, is essential for gene expression and cell viability. Polyadenylation of male germ cell mRNAs is unusual, exhibiting increased alternative polyadenylation, decreased AAUAAA polyadenylation signal use, and reduced downstream sequence element dependence. C...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0707589104
更新日期:2007-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus anthrax lethal toxin can be engineered to deliver foreign proteins to the cytosol for antigen presentation to CD8 T cells. Vaccination with modified toxins carrying 8-9 amino acid peptide epitopes induces protective immunity in mice. To evaluate whether large protein antigens can be used with this system, rec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.14.8027
更新日期:2000-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hop2 and Mnd1 are abundant meiosisspecific chromosomal proteins, and mutations in the corresponding genes lead to defects in meiotic recombination and in homologous chromosome interactions during mid-prophase. Analysis of various double mutants suggests that HOP2, MND1, and DMC1 act in the sam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404195101
更新日期:2004-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of substance P-immunoreactive (SPI) varicose nerve networks and nerve fiber bundles in guinea pig prevertebral sympathetic ganglia has been confirmed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. No SPI neurons have been found in sympathetic ganglia, including lumbar paravertebral ganglia. Peroxidase-antiperoxida...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.5.1668
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzyme p-cresol methylhydroxylase [4-cresol: (acceptor) oxidoreductase (methyl-hydroxylating), EC 1.17.99.1] contains two subunits: a cytochrome c (electron transfer) subunit (cytochrome cpc) and a flavin (catalytic) subunit. When these subunits are separated by isoelectric focusing, a stable cytochrome subunit is...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9463
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as important cellular players in tissue repair and innate immunity. Whether these cells meaningfully regulate adaptive immune responses upon activation has yet to be explored. Here we show that upon IL-1β stimulation, peripheral ILC3s become activated, secrete cytokin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1406908111
更新日期:2014-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria requires autophagy receptors optineurin (OPTN), NDP52 (CALCOCO2), TAX1BP1, and p62 (SQSTM1) linking ubiquitinated cargo to autophagic membranes. By using quantitative proteomics, we show that Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylates all four receptors on several autophagy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1523926113
更新日期:2016-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::A detailed single-crystal X-ray study of conformationally flexible sulfonimide-based dendritic molecules with systematically varied molecular architectures was undertaken. Thirteen crystal structures reported in this work include 9 structures of the second-generation dendritic sulfonimides decorated with different ary...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0904264106
更新日期:2009-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::When a fast-moving drop impacts onto a smooth substrate, splashing will be produced at the edge of the expanding liquid sheet. This ubiquitous phenomenon lacks a fundamental understanding. Combining experiment with model, we illustrate that the ultrathin air film trapped under the expanding liquid front triggers splas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1417718112
更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes can release glutamate in a calcium-dependent manner and consequently signal to adjacent neurons. Whether this glutamate release pathway is used during physiological signaling or is recruited only under pathophysiological conditions is not well defined. One reason for this lack of understanding is the limite...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.15.8629
更新日期:2000-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence indicates that the modulatory effects of the adrenergic stress hormone epinephrine as well as several other neuromodulatory systems on memory storage are mediated by activation of beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the amygdala. In view of our recent findings indicating that the amygdala is involved in mediating t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.25.14048
更新日期:1997-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Most small multicopy antibiotic-resistance plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus contain a major axis of hyphenated dyad symmetry (palA) that is required for normal replication and stability, although located outside of the minimal replicon. Rearrangements affecting palA cause plasmid instability, a marked reduction in co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.8.2165
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::For most intracellular structures with larger than molecular dimensions, little is known about the connection between underlying molecular activities and higher order organization such as size and shape. Here, we show that both the size and shape of the amphibian oocyte nucleolus ultimately arise because nucleoli beha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1017150108
更新日期:2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'furyl)-1-benzyl indazole] is an allosteric activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). YC-1 increases the catalytic rate of the enzyme and sensitizes the enzyme toward its gaseous activators nitric oxide or carbon monoxide. In other studies the administration of YC-1 to experimental animal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.231486198
更新日期:2001-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::The development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is associated with renal dysfunction and vasoconstriction. The kidneys of young SHRs exhibit exaggerated reactivity to angiotensin II (Ang-II) and attenuated responses to vasodilators that normally activate the cAMP signal to buffer hormone-in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2924
更新日期:1995-03-28 00:00:00