Abstract：
:High tumor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with poor treatment outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa), and immune deficiency in the PCa microenvironment, especially suppression of dendritic cell (DC) proliferation, has been confirmed. In this study, we (1) investigated whether VEGF participates in DC suppression in murine PCa cells (RM-1), (2) down-regulated VEGF expression using low-frequency ultrasound and microbubbles (UM), and (3) further explored any synergistic effect on immunological activation. DCs from the bone marrow of BALB/c mice were stimulated by the addition of cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)), and we analyzed their proliferation status via flow cytometric recognition of the surface antigen markers CD11c and CD83. The results demonstrated that co-culture with RM-1 cells markedly inhibited expression of the general marker CD11c and the mature marker CD83; UM weakened this inhibition by down-regulating VEGF expression. T lymphocytes were extracted from murine spleens, and CD4 and CD8a were identified as the biomarkers of activated cells participating in the anti-tumor immune response. When DCs, T lymphocytes and RM-1 cells were co-cultured, cell migration and invasion assays and cytoactive detection showed that UM could not only directly suppress PCa cell evolution but also promote activation of anti-tumor immunocytes in the VEGF-inhibited microenvironment.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Zhang W,Shou WD,Xu YJ,Bai WK,Hu Bdoi
10.1038/s41598-017-06242-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-18 00:00:00pages
5778issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-017-06242-8journal_volume
7pub_type
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