Abstract:
:The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has introduced manufacturing standards for dietary supplements, including red yeast rice, to assure their identity, purity, strength, and composition. One supplement commonly used to self-treat high cholesterol, red yeast rice, may contain monacolin K, an ingredient identical to prescription lovastatin. We examined whether FDA's manufacturing standards led to standard concentrations of the statin monacolin K in red yeast rice supplements. We analyzed 28 brands of red yeast rice supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for monacolin K content. Monacolin K was not detected in two brands. In the 26 brands that contained monacolin K, the quantity ranged more than 60-fold from 0.09 to 5.48 mg per 1200 mg of red yeast rice. Following the manufacturers' recommendations for daily servings, the quantity of monacolin K consumed per day would range more than 120-fold from 0.09 to 10.94 mg. Despite FDA manufacturing standards, strength and composition of red yeast rice supplements sold at mainstream retail stores in the United States remains unpredictable.
journal_name
Eur J Prev Cardioljournal_title
European journal of preventive cardiologyauthors
Cohen PA,Avula B,Khan IAdoi
10.1177/2047487317715714subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-01 00:00:00pages
1431-1434issue
13eissn
2047-4873issn
2047-4881journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the practices of physicians in 12 European countries in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS:In 2009, 806 physicians from 12 European countries answered a questionnaire, delivered electronically or by post, regarding their assessment of patients with cardiovascular risk ...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1177/1741826711407705
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with coeliac disease and myocardial infarction have a more favourable atherosclerotic risk factor profile than controls with myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, MI prognosis and treatment may differ according to coeliac status. This paper reports on the study of Swedish MI patients with and without coeliac...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487313502446
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aims To explore the predictive and explanatory factors on the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the impact of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of risk factors on incident cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes with no history of prior cardiovascular disease. Methods We performed a historical cohor...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487317707293
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Self-monitoring and self-titration of antihypertensives (self-management) is a novel intervention which improves blood pressure control. However, little evidence exists regarding the cost-effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood pressure in general and self-management in particular. This study aimed to evaluate w...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/2047487313501886
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Exercise is recommended as prevention, management, and control of all stages of hypertension. There are still controversies about the optimal training dose, frequency, and intensity. We aimed to study the effect of aerobic interval training on blood pressure and myocardial function in hypertensive patients. METHO...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/1741826711400512
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society 2019 guidelines recommend more aggressive lipid targets in high- and very high-risk patients and the addition of adjuvant treatments to statins in uncontrolled patients. We aimed to assess (a) achievement of prior and new European Society of Cardiolog...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487320914115
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identification of individuals at risk for developing atrial fibrillation (AF) will help to target screening and preventive interventions. We aimed to validate the CHARGE-AF model (including variables age, race, height, weight, blood pressure, smoking, antihypertensive medication, diabetes, myocardial infarct...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487314544045
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background To assess the association between health-related quality of life (HRQL) and a composite outcome including incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular events in a large general population-based cohort. Design Prospective analysis on 17,102 men and women (mean age 53 ± 11) free from cardiovascul...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487317748452
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Air pollution and noise are potential risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis. Longitudinal analyses, especially on the interplay of these environmental factors, are scarce and inconsistent. Hence we investigated long-term traffic-related exposure to air pollution and noise with the development and progressio...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487319854818
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Physical fitness has been shown to predict cardiovascular death during long-term follow-up. In the present study we aimed to investigate how physical fitness and other cardiovascular risk factors at middle-age influenced the risk of cardiovascular death during the early (0-11 years), intermediate (12-23 yea...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487318793459
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Studies have shown significant associations of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The impact on the general population is an important public health issue. However, the population attributable fraction (PAF) of CVD because of CKD and/or DM in...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487316679904
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:International guidelines recommend pharmacotherapy combinations for chronic coronary syndromes (CCSs) but medical management remains suboptimal. DESIGN:The CICD-LT registry is investigating short- and long-term outcomes and management in patients in European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member countries, in ...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487320912491
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::There are large variations in the incidence, registration methods and reported causes of sudden cardiac arrest/sudden cardiac death (SCA/SCD) in competitive and recreational athletes. A crucial question is to which degree these variations are genuine or partly due to methodological incongruities. This paper discusses ...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1177/2047487315599891
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In clinical practice, individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are identified on the basis of age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, and serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We examined whether CVD risk prediction improved when obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) and prem...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487312444233
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity and physical inactivity in children correlate with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this prospective, randomised, interventional study was to examine the long term impact of additional physical exercise lessons at school on fitness and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS:We r...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/2047487316632966
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:While there is evidence of poor health behaviours in anxious and depressed cardiac patients, it is possible that sociodemographic factors explain these associations. Few previous studies have adequately controlled for confounders. The present study investigated health behaviours in anxious and depressed ca...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/2047487312449593
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiac rehabilitation programmes are strongly recommended for all forms of coronary artery disease to reduce recurrent events and mortality. Few patients seem to participate in these programmes after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to assess changes in lifestyle ...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487312447751
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aims High concentrations of air pollutants are associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction. The European Union has defined statutory limits for air pollutants based on upper absolute concentrations. We evaluated the association between rapid changes in air pollutants and the risk of myocardial infarction ...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487318755804
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Functional capacity is an important endpoint for therapies oriented to older adults with cardiovascular diseases. The literature on predictors of exercise capacity is sparse in the elderly population. In a longitudinal European study on effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation of seven European countries in elderly...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487319894676
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:We aimed to clarify the strength of the association between conventional and metabolic risk factors to coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality across short, intermediate, and long periods of follow-up and whether the effects of risk factors are heterogeneous across serum cholesterol levels. METHODS:The Oslo Study p...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1741826711432514
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background This study examined the association between cardiac structure and function and the deterioration in activities of daily living (ADLs) in an age-homogenous, community-dwelling population of patients born in 1920-1921 over a five-year follow-up period. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Methods Patients were r...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487317744365
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The burden of premature atrial beats (PABs) at 24-h electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring correlates with the risk of atrial fibrillation. It is unknown whether prolonged and intense exercise increases the burden of PABs, thus contributing to the higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation observed in middle-ag...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487319880042
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression is common after a cardiac event; however it often remains untreated. Previously, we reported the efficacy and feasibility of a 6-month tele-health programme (MoodCare), which integrates depression management into a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction programme for Acute Coronary Syndrome (...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/2047487314547655
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elderly patients are underrepresented in clinical trials but comprise the majority of heart failure patients. Data on age-specific use of heart failure therapy are limited. The European Society of Cardiology heart failure guidelines provide no age-specific treatment recommendations. We investigated practice-...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487319835042
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We are unaware of any previous investigation that has compared the relationship of key cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) variables to various measures of pathophysiology between heart failure-reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF-preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) cohorts that are well matched with ...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487313476962
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Patient activity (PA) has been demonstrated to predict all-cause mortality. However, the association between PA and cardiac death is unclear. Aims The aims of this study were to determine whether PA can predict cardiac death and what is the cut-off of PA to discriminate cardiac death, as well as the mechani...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487316688982
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The beneficial effect of exercise training and exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on symptom-free exercise capacity,cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, quality of life, general healthy lifestyle, and reduction of depressive symptoms and psychosocial stress is nowadays well recognized. However, it remains l...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/2047487312437063
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIM:We aimed to investigate cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviours prospectively in a large population of French amateur rugby players. METHODS:An anonymous questionnaire was displayed to rugby players aged over 12 years enrolled in the 2014-2015 French amateur rugby championship from the Bur...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487319837066
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multiple connections that exist between the cardiovascular system and the kidney lead to a complex cardiovascular and renal medicine relationship. It is well established in the literature that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence ...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/2047487312462826
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction Diabetes and pre-diabetes are highly prevalent in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome. This is why screening for glucose metabolism disorders is recommended in patients following an acute coronary syndrome. The aim of our study was to determine whether glycated haemoglobin alone compared wi...
journal_title:European journal of preventive cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2047487317754011
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00