Abstract:
:The majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, HIV, Ebola and SARS). Understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. However, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species boundaries. Here we conduct a comprehensive analysis of mammalian host-virus relationships and show that both the total number of viruses that infect a given species and the proportion likely to be zoonotic are predictable. After controlling for research effort, the proportion of zoonotic viruses per species is predicted by phylogenetic relatedness to humans, host taxonomy and human population within a species range-which may reflect human-wildlife contact. We demonstrate that bats harbour a significantly higher proportion of zoonotic viruses than all other mammalian orders. We also identify the taxa and geographic regions with the largest estimated number of 'missing viruses' and 'missing zoonoses' and therefore of highest value for future surveillance. We then show that phylogenetic host breadth and other viral traits are significant predictors of zoonotic potential, providing a novel framework to assess if a newly discovered mammalian virus could infect people.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Olival KJ,Hosseini PR,Zambrana-Torrelio C,Ross N,Bogich TL,Daszak Pdoi
10.1038/nature22975subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-29 00:00:00pages
646-650issue
7660eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature22975journal_volume
546pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Combined PD-1 and CTLA-4-targeted immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab is effective against melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer1-3. However, this comes at the cost of frequent, serious immune-related adverse events, necessitating a reduction in the recommended dose of ipilimumab that i...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1162-y
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relay of information through thalamus to cortex is dynamically gated, as illustrated by the retinogeniculocortical pathway. Important to this is the inhibitory interneuron in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). For the typical neuron, synaptic information arrives through postsynaptic dendrites and is transmitted...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/28855
更新日期:1998-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of snakes involved major changes in vertebrate body plan organization, but the developmental basis of those changes is unknown. The python axial skeleton consists of hundreds of similar vertebrae, forelimbs are absent and hindlimbs are severely reduced. Combined limb loss and trunk elongation is found in...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/20944
更新日期:1999-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses. Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by ce...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature23669
更新日期:2017-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Although individuals age and die with time, an animal species can continue indefinitely, because of its immortal germ-cell lineage. How the germline avoids transmitting damage from one generation to the next remains a fundamental question in biology. Here we identify a lysosomal switch that enhances germline proteosta...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24620
更新日期:2017-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The B cells of the immune system, which secrete antibodies against foreign antigens, are fully specific and effective only after maturation in lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. Immunocompetent T cells play a crucial part in this process, but the molecular details of the way in which the two cell types interact h...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/367425a0
更新日期:1994-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::B lymphocytes re-circulate between B-cell-rich compartments (follicles or B zones) in secondary lymphoid organs, surveying for antigen. After antigen binding, B cells move to the boundary of B and T zones to interact with T-helper cells. Despite the importance of B--T-cell interactions for the induction of antibody re...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/416094a
更新日期:2002-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Speciation in many animal taxa is catalysed by the evolutionary diversification of mating signals. According to classical theories of speciation, mating signals diversify, in part, as an incidental byproduct of adaptation by natural selection to divergent ecologies, although empirical evidence in support of this hypot...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35051570
更新日期:2001-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of intervening sequences (introns) in DNA led Gilbert and Tonegawa to suggest that a new protein could have been produced by bringing together certain segments of pre-existing ones. However, Blake argued that if DNA was so organized that coding sequences (exons) correspond to structural as well as functi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/291090a0
更新日期:1981-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Wild-type p53 protein has many properties consistent with its being the product of a tumour suppressor gene. Although the normal roles of tumour suppressor genes are still largely unknown, it seems that they could be involved in promoting cell differentiation as well as in mediating growth arrest by growth-inhibitory ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/352345a0
更新日期:1991-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::First-order difference equations arise in many contexts in the biological, economic and social sciences. Such equations, even though simple and deterministic, can exhibit a surprising array of dynamical behaviour, from stable points, to a bifurcating hiearchy of stable cycles, to apparently random fluctuations. There ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/261459a0
更新日期:1976-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::To understand the processes that regulate the abundance and persistence of wild populations is a fundamental goal of ecology and a prerequisite for the management of living resources. Variable abundance data, however, make the demonstration of regulation processes challenging. A previously overlooked aspect in underst...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06605
更新日期:2008-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine (ACh) released on vagal stimulation reduces the heart rate by increasing K+ conductance of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (S-A) node. Fluctuation analysis of ACh-activated currents in pacemaker tissue showed this to be due to opening of a separate class of K+ channels gated by muscarinic ACh receptors...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/303250a0
更新日期:1983-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::The sense of smell is highly evolved in mammals, allowing discrimination between a vast number of odorants, with detection thresholds as low as 10(-17) M (ref. 1). Although several features of mammalian olfactory transduction have been revealed by biochemical and molecular biological studies, the odorant-induced membr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/366283a0
更新日期:1993-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of a series of mutants of an Escherichia coli alanine transfer RNA shows that substitution of a single G-U base pair in the acceptor helix eliminates aminoacylation with alanine in vivo and in vitro. Introduction of that base pair into the analogous position of a cysteine and a phenylalanine transfer RNA conf...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/333140a0
更新日期:1988-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Somatic sexual differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster is accomplished by a hierarchy of genes of which one, Sex-lethal (Sxl), is required for the functional female-specific splicing of the transcripts of the immediately downstream regulatory gene, transformer (tra). The first exon of the tra primary transcript is ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/344461a0
更新日期:1990-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::A 12 amino-acid synthetic peptide (NANP)3 comprising the immunodominant epitope of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein was conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT), adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide, and administered intramuscularly in three doses at monthly intervals to 35 healthy males as a malaria vaccine. No...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/328257a0
更新日期:1987-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs) are the principal mediators of rapid inhibitory synaptic transmission in the human brain. A decline in GABAAR signalling triggers hyperactive neurological disorders such as insomnia, anxiety and epilepsy. Here we present the first three-dimensional structure of a GABAAR, ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13293
更新日期:2014-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::For more than three-quarters of a century it has been assumed that basal metabolic rate increases as body mass raised to some power p. However, there is no broad consensus regarding the value of p: whereas many studies have asserted that p is 3/4 (refs 1-4; 'Kleiber's law'), some have argued that it is 2/3 (refs 5-7),...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08920
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00737-2
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distrust in scientific expertise1-14 is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, for example, could amplify outbreaks2-4, as happened for measles in 20195,6. Homemade remedies7,8 and falsehoods are being shared widely on the Internet, as well as dismi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2281-1
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to recognize information that is incongruous with previous experience is critical for survival. Novelty signals have therefore evolved in the mammalian brain to enhance attention, perception and memory1,2. Although the importance of regions such as the ventral tegmental area3,4 and locus coeruleus5 in broa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2771-1
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characterization of HIV-1 (HTLV-III/LAV), the human retrovirus associated with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect CD4-bearing T lymphocytes. Simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (simian immodeficiency virus)...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/328539a0
更新日期:1987-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::The best spectrographs are limited in stability by their calibration light source. Laser frequency combs are the ideal calibrators for astronomical spectrographs. They emit a spectrum of lines that are equally spaced in frequency and that are as accurate and stable as the atomic clock relative to which the comb is sta...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11092
更新日期:2012-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Growing populations and agricultural intensification have led to raised riverine nitrogen (N) loads, widespread oxygen depletion in coastal zones (coastal hypoxia)1 and increases in the incidence of algal blooms.Although recent work has suggested that individual wetlands have the potential to improve water quality2-9,...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03042-5
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bilingual individuals need effective mechanisms to prevent interference from one language while processing material in the other. Here we show, using event-related brain potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), that words from the non-target language are rejected at an early stage before semantic a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/4151026a
更新日期:2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of the genes that control the early events of Drosophila embryogenesis is providing details of the molecular processes underlying the positional specification of cells. There are two distinct phases: the first precedes the cellularization of the blastoderm embryo and is associated with a cascade of interactio...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/335025a0
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hydroxyl radical (OH) is a key oxidant involved in the removal of air pollutants and greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The ratio of Northern Hemispheric to Southern Hemispheric (NH/SH) OH concentration is important for our understanding of emission estimates of atmospheric species such as nitrogen oxides and m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13721
更新日期:2014-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Applications are emerging that require the creation of fine-scale structures in three dimensions--examples include scaffolds for tissue engineering, micro-fluidic devices and photonic materials that control light propagation over a range of frequencies. But writing methods such as dip-pen nanolithography and ink-jet p...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/428386a
更新日期:2004-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Nanoscale or colloidal particles are important in many realms of science and technology. They can dramatically change the properties of materials, imparting solid-like behaviour to a wide variety of complex fluids. This behaviour arises when particles aggregate to form mesoscopic clusters and networks. The essential c...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06931
更新日期:2008-05-22 00:00:00