Abstract：
:The senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the two major pathological hallmarks of AD, which are composed of β-amyloid protein and Tau protein. So the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and Tau oligomers (oTau) are the majority in the pathology of AD. Recently, the spreading of Aβ and oTau in the brain of AD patients has received heated value. In this review, we summarize recent research progress and aim to figure out the spreading mechanism of Aβ and Tau in AD via introduction of the formation, release, uptake, diffusion between different brain regions, and the propagation principle of Aβ and Tau. Although the mechanisms of the spreading pathology in AD are still not very clear, increasing discoveries confirm that Aβ and oTau could transmit from one neuron to another along the anatomical connected synapses. Meanwhile, a mass of studies also report that they have a totally opposite hierarchical spatiotemporal pattern of spreading in cerebral areas. In addition, Tau proteins might mediate Aβ toxicity in the brain, and they might have synergistic roles with each other. So some therapies have emerged, such as inhibiting the release, preventing the oligomerization, and blocking the uptake. This review would be helpful to comprehend the mechanism of transmission in AD and provide a new way to the targeted therapy.
journal_name
Neurotox Resjournal_title
Neurotoxicity researchauthors
Lv ZY,Tan CC,Yu JT,Tan Ldoi
10.1007/s12640-017-9765-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-11-01 00:00:00pages
707-722issue
4eissn
1029-8428issn
1476-3524pii
10.1007/s12640-017-9765-2journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Salidroside (Sal) is a natural antioxidant extracted from the root of Rhodiola rosea L. that elicits neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro. Tyrosol galactoside (Tyr), an analog of Sal, was recently synthesized in our laboratory. The purpose of the current study was to investigate and compare the neuroprotective...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-011-9290-7
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury is a ubiquitous contaminant, and a range of chemical species is generated by human activity and natural environmental change. Elemental mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds have different toxic properties, but all them are considered hazardous in human exposure. In an equimolecular exposure basis, o...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF03033386
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease very different neuronal populations undergo degenerative processes, although the cascades of cellular events leading to death are supposed to be similar. We suggest that the complex pattern of degeneration in Parkins...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033793
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperfunction of brain dopamine (DA) systems is associated with psychosis in schizophrenia and the medications used to treat schizophrenia are DA receptor blockers. DA also plays a critical role in incentive learning produced by rewarding stimuli. Using DA as the link, these results suggest that psychosis in schizophr...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF03033357
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:C57/BL6 mice were administered either 7.5 mg Fe (II)/ kg or vehicle (saline) postnatally on Days 10-12 after birth. From 64 days of age onwards for 24 days, groups of mice were administered either haloperidol (0.25 or 1 or 2 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (Tween-80). Twenty-four hours after the final injection of either neur...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033321
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been shown that a decreased vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) function and the disruption of dopamine (DA) storage is an early contributor to oxidative damage of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). In our previous study, we demonstrated that adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists suppressed oxidat...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-012-9316-9
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia are innate immune system cells which reside in the central nervous system (CNS). Resting microglia regulate the homeostasis of the CNS via phagocytic activity to clear pathogens and cell debris. Sometimes, however, to protect neurons and fight invading pathogens, resting microglia transform to an activated-f...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-00030-0
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani are considered as a novel source of immunoglobulins for passive immunotherapy of tetanus. Toxin neutralization is classically attributed to the Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies. Herein, we generated Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of thre...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-00124-9
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9063-8
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-021-00329-x
更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF03033166
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria are the major site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mammalian cells. Moreover, mitochondria produce most of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nucleated cells. Redox and bioenergetic abnormalities have been seen in mitochondria during the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases....
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-00044-8
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-016-9613-9
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recently reported that global perinatal asphyxia (PA) induces a regionally sustained increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels and GSSG/GSH ratio, a decrease in tissue-reducing capacity, a decrease in catalase activity, and an increase in apoptotic caspase-3-dependent cell death in rat neonatal brain up t...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-00064-4
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-015-9578-0
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-020-00321-x
更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033559
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF03033804
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-020-00161-9
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is hallmarked by pathological changes associated with the death of dopaminergic neurons, particularly in the extrapyramidal system (substantia nigra pars compacta, striatum) of the brain. Although the causes of slow neuronal death in PD are unknown, both ge...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-015-9556-6
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-015-9526-z
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9043-z
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular oxidative stress and energy failure were shown to be involved in Glutamate (L-Glu) neurotoxicity, whereas, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and ±DL-α-lipoic acid (LA) are known to be key players in the mitochondrial energy production. To evaluate the effects of the above antioxidants, adult rats were pretreated wit...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a psychostimulant popular as a recreational drug because of its effect on mood and social interactions. MDMA acts at dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) and is known to induce damage of dopamine and serotonin neurons. MDMA is often ingeste...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-017-9831-9
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9018-0
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GSK3beta is prominent for its role in apoptosis signaling and has been shown to be involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. The overall effects of GSK3beta activity on cell fate are well-established, but the effects of mitochondrial GSK3beta activity on mitochondrial function and cell fate are unknown. Here ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033861
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurological symptoms and cerebral abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMG lyase) deficiency, which is biochemically characterized by predominant tissue accumulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric (HMG), 3-methylglutaric (MGA), and 3-methylglutaconic (MGT) acids. S...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-015-9542-z
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
