Abstract：
:Giant African pouched rats (Cricetomys ansorgei) have been employed successfully in two operational tuberculosis-detection projects in which they sniff sputum samples from symptomatic individuals who have visited tuberculosis clinics. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in this population is high, approximately 20% in the regions where the rats have been used. If the rats are to be used to screen individuals from lower-prevalence populations, their performance under such conditions must first be evaluated. In this study, the prevalence of tuberculosis-positive samples presented to eight pouched rats was reduced to approximately 5%, and the percentage of known-positive samples included as opportunities for reinforcement was varied in sequence from 10 to 8, 6, 4, 2, 4, and 2. Liquid food reinforcers were delivered for identification responses to known-positive samples and at no other time. The rats' accuracy was clinically and statistically significantly lower at 2% than at the other values. These results indicate that the rats can perform well in low-prevalence scenarios but, if they are used under the conditions of the present study, at least 4% of the samples presented to them must be opportunities for reinforcement.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Edwards TL,Ellis H,Watkins EE,Mulder C,Mgode G,Cox C,Poling Adoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2017.05.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-10-01 00:00:00pages
2-7eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(17)30034-7journal_volume
155pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present research investigated the blocking effect in three different species, rats, humans and snails in formally equivalent tasks using a within-subjects design. Experiment 1 demonstrated the blocking effect in a context-flavour aversive conditioning preparation in rats: Animals failed to associate a flavour with...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
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abstract：:Among the Carnivora, play behaviour is usually made up of motor patterns characteristic of predatory, agonistic and courtship behaviour. Domestic dogs are unusual in that play is routinely performed by adults, both socially, with conspecifics and with humans, and also asocially, with objects. This enhanced playfulness...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
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abstract：:Weaponry and color badges are commonly theorized to function as visual signals of aggressiveness or fighting ability. However, few studies have supported a signaling function of weaponry, and the role of color in invertebrate competitive interactions remains virtually unexplored. Jumping spiders (Salticidae) make exce...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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doi：10.1016/0376-6357(77)90006-7
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.09.010
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00063-7
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.09.009
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2009.03.017
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2010.12.007
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abstract：:Proceptive and receptive aspects of behaviour were studied during the oestrus cycle of the female pig. These aspects were studied in a T-maze with one or two stimulus compartments that did or did not contain a teaser boar. Receptive behaviour was observed during several consecutive days and was quantified in front of ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(94)90003-5
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.01.011
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(82)90007-9
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2017.07.008
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(90)90005-Z
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(88)90040-X
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.016
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(85)90101-9
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2018.03.004
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(89)90011-9
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abstract：:In temperate songbirds, song has traditionally been considered a vocalization mainly produced by males. However, in many temperate species, it is now recognized that both males and females produce song. The function and structure of male black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) fee-bee song have been well-studied...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2013.05.006
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