Psychosocial Stress, Course of Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Context of the Provision of Sexual Services.

Abstract:

:Introduction There has been very little medical research into pregnancies which occur in the context of prostitution, even though the associated health risks for mother and child, e.g. violence or maternal drug abuse, are well known. The aim of this study was to compile and summarize what is known (inter-)nationally about this topic and identify key points of support as part of a uniform standard of healthcare in pregnancy. Material and Methods A selective search of the literature was done in Pubmed and Livivo/Medpilot and in the databases NIH, Cochrane, DARE, NHSEED and HTA on the factors influencing preterm delivery. Results There are no systematic studies on pregnancy risks in the context of sexual services. But there is data available on specific risk factors, for example the increased risk of prematurity associated with sexual/physical violence (OR = 1.28-4.7). The Prostitute Protection Act provides only limited protection for affected women, and statutory maternity protection regulations also have little impact as they require a formal contract of employment which rarely exists even in the context of legal prostitution. Conclusion Approximately 400 000 women are currently working as prostitutes in the Federal Republic of Germany. The number of unreported cases is high. Nevertheless, there is little concrete data available on the probable health risks if these women become pregnant. The existing laws that should offer protection fall short of the mark. There is a need for more research into the future implementation of the Prostitute Protection Act which should focus on health counselling, health promotion and additional protective legislation. Low-threshold healthcare services offered in the context of prenatal care could be an opportunity to improve care. :Einleitung Schwangerschaft im Kontext von Prostitution gehört zu den bisher kaum fokussierten Forschungsthemen der Frauenheilkunde, obwohl hier Gesundheitsrisiken bspw. durch Gewaltexposition oder Drogenabusus für Mutter und Kind vorliegen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, den (inter-)nationalen Wissensstand zusammenzutragen, um Eckpunkte für die Gesundheitsförderung in Richtung eines einheitlichen Gesundheitsschutzniveaus in der Schwangerschaft zu identifizieren. Material und Methoden Eine selektive Literaturrecherche erfolgte in PubMed und Livivo/Medpilot sowie zu den Einflussfaktoren von Frühgeburtlichkeit über die Datenbanken NIH, Cochrane, DARE, NHSEED und HTA. Ergebnisse Systematische Studien zu den Schwangerschaftsrisiken im Kontext sexueller Dienstleistungen fehlen. Wohl bestehen aber Erkenntnisse zu einzelnen gesundheitsgefährdenden Faktoren z. B. einem erhöhten Frühgeburtsrisiko durch sexuelle/physische Gewalt (OR = 1,28–4,7). Die Möglichkeiten zum Schutz von Betroffenen im Rahmen des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes sind begrenzt, auch die Wirkungen des gesetzlichen Mutterschutzes, da ein formales Dienstverhältnis Voraussetzung ist, das auch bei legalisierter Prostitution i. d. R. nicht vorliegt. Schlussfolgerung Etwa 400 000 Frauen sind in der BRD in der Prostitution tätig. Die Dunkelziffer ist hoch. Dennoch fehlt konkretes Wissen zu den gesundheitlichen Gefährdungen im Fall einer Schwangerschaft. Bisherige Schutzregelungen greifen zu kurz. Forschungsbedarf besteht mit Blick auf die zukünftige Umsetzung des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes bezüglich Gesundheitsberatung, -förderung und erweiterter Schutzregelungen. Chancen bieten niedrigschwellige Angebote im Rahmen der Schwangerenvorsorge.

authors

Simoes E,Gostomzyk J,Brucker SY,Graf J

doi

10.1055/s-0042-124045

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-04-01 00:00:00

pages

366-376

issue

4

eissn

0016-5751

issn

1438-8804

journal_volume

77

pub_type

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