Abstract:
:Thanks to significant improvements in the precision, accuracy, and usability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), its relevance in both ambulatory diabetes care and clinical research is increasing. In this study, we address the latter perspective and derive provisional reporting recommendations. CGM systems have been available since around the year 2000 and used primarily in people with type 1 diabetes. In contrast to self-measured glucose, CGM can provide continuous real-time measurement of glucose levels, alerts for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and a detailed assessment of glycemic variability. Through a broad spectrum of derived glucose data, CGM should be a useful tool for clinical evaluation of new glucose-lowering medications and strategies. It is the only technology that can measure hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic exposure in ambulatory care, or provide data for comprehensive assessment of glucose variability. Other advantages of current CGM systems include the opportunity for improved self-management of glycemic control, with particular relevance to those at higher risk of or from hypoglycemia. We therefore summarize the current status and limitations of CGM from the perspective of clinical trials and derive suggested recommendations for how these should facilitate optimal CGM use and reporting of data in clinical research.
journal_name
Diabetes Technol Therjournal_title
Diabetes technology & therapeuticsauthors
Schnell O,Barnard K,Bergenstal R,Bosi E,Garg S,Guerci B,Haak T,Hirsch IB,Ji L,Joshi SR,Kamp M,Laffel L,Mathieu C,Polonsky WH,Snoek F,Home Pdoi
10.1089/dia.2017.0054subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-01 00:00:00pages
391-399issue
7eissn
1520-9156issn
1557-8593journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Understanding the effect size, variability, and underlying physiology of the dawn phenomenon is important for next-generation closed-loop control algorithms for type 1 diabetes (T1D). SUBJECTS AND METHODS:We used an iterative protocol design to study 16 subjects with T1D on individualized insulin pump thera...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0011
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:this study assessed patient-related factors associated with persistence and resumption of using pens as insulin delivery devices. METHODS:patients (n = 549; 300 current pen users, 249 former pen users) were recruited from national panels to participate in computer-assisted telephone interviews. Measures incl...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0128
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a critical review of continuous glucose monitoring studies that address accuracy, utility in assessing glucose variability, detection of hypoglycemia for improved metabolic control or reduced glucose variability, impact on quality of life, reduced fear of hypoglycemia, and applicability in helping ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0261
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the impact of a 2-year chat line involving adolescents with type 1 diabetes regarding quality of life and metabolic control. METHODS:We enrolled 193 children, 10-18 years of age (mean ± SD, 13.6 ± 2.7 years), with type 1 diabetes for 1.2-6 years (3.6 ± 2.4 years), body mass index of 23.2 ± 4.1 ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0188
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study assessed the accuracy and reliability of three continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:We studied the Animas® (West Chester, PA) Vibe™ with Dexcom® (San Diego, CA) G4™ version A sensor (G4A), the Abbott Diabetes Care (Alameda, CA) Freestyle® Navigator I (NAV), and ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0049
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clustering of diseases has been appreciated by health insurers and epidemiologists for some time. Co-morbidity suggests shared pathways of disease. It is by now well agreed that common diseases have a strong genetic component. Here we present evidence that the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion/deletion (D...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152091502320798321
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Glucose monitoring based on sampling skin interstitial fluid (ISF) is being developed as an alternative to fingerstick blood glucose monitoring. Time delays between rapidly changing levels of glucose in blood and interstitial fluid have been reported in the literature to be between 5 and 20 minutes. This stu...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152091599317530
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Recent advances in analytical technology allow the detection of several hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human exhaled air, many of which reflect unidentified endogenous pathways. This study was performed to determine whether a breath gas analysis using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-M...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0181
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: International consensus on the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) recommends coefficient of variation (CV) as the metric of choice to express glycemic variability (GV) with a cutoff of 36% to define unstable diabetes. Even though, CV is associated with ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0075
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The junction of telemedicine home monitoring with multifaceted disease management programs seems nowadays a promising direction to combine the need for an intensive approach to deal with diabetes and the pressure to contain the costs of the interventions. Several projects in the European Union and the United...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2004.6.567
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Children with positive islet autoantibodies monitored prospectively avoid metabolic decompensation at type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis. However, the effects of early diagnosis and treatment on preservation of insulin secretion and long-term metabolic control are unknown. We compared characteristics of childre...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0029
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is no consensus as to the best method to assess glycemic variability from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data. Rate of change has been suggested as a preferred method of assessing glycemic variability, but this assertion has not been validated. METHODS:Forty-eight hours of CGM data were analyzed ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0215
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are three main issues in non-invasive (NI) glucose measurements: namely, specificity, compartmentalization of glucose values, and calibration. There has been progress in the use of near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Recently new glucose measurement methods have been developed, exploiting the effect of ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2004.6.660
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have brought about an explosion in the number of companies offering connected diabetes care products, defined as digital diabetes management systems based around (1) smartphone apps, (2) devices with built-in connectivity, and (3) remote human and automated coaching and support. These nascent models aim t...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0273
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: The Medtronic MiniMed™ 670G system adjusts basal insulin delivery in response to continuous glucose monitoring levels and is already in use in clinical practice. We tested the home-based feasibility of the new MiniMed advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system, ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0448
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of accuracy of subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring (SCGM) in the perioperative period for neurosurgical and cardiac surgery patients. METHODS:Forty-five subjects, including healthy volunteers (n = 15), neurosurgical patients (n = 15), and car...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0140
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The foreign body capsule that forms around implanted devices such as glucose sensors is hypovascular and has limited permeability to glucose. Such a capsule may function better if well vascularized. We hypothesized that capsular vascularization achieved by local release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) wou...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152091504773731320
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes is thought to develop as a result of progressive beta-cell dysfunction in the setting of insulin resistance, leading to increased risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Type 2 diabetes is currently treated with diet and exercise, followed by oral drug therapy, and finally exogenous ins...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2006.8.385
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatments for type 1 diabetes have advanced significantly over recent years. There are now multiple hybrid closed-loop systems commercially available and additional systems are in development. Challenges remain, however. This review outlines the recent advances in closed-loop systems and outlines the remaining challe...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0469
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: Glycemic variability (GV) is an important component of glycemic control for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The inadequacy of existing measurements lies in the fact that they view the variability from different aspects, so that no consensus has been reache...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0250
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing standards of the management of the diabetic patients are not efficient enough, and further improvement is needed. The major objective of this paper is to present and discuss the therapeutic effectiveness of an intensive care telematic system designed and applied for intensive treatment of pregnant type 1 diab...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/15209150152811207
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently, it is still unknown whether differences in glycemic control have any effect on glucose and insulin kinetics after vildagliptin administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vildagliptin on glucose and insulin concentrations during a 24-h period in type 2 diabetes patients wit...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0020
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drugs with unspecific stimulating effects on beta-cell secretion increase the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-B score, indicating improved beta-cell "function." We investigated whether the beta-cell protection provided by adding pioglitazone (PIO) to glimepiride (GLIM) in comparison to up-titrating the G...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0019
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a fluorescent contact lens glucose sensor in monitoring glucose in patients with diabetes. METHODS:Under an institutional review board-approved protocol, five fasting patients with type II diabetes were given a challenge consisting of 75 ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2004.6.782
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The recent availability of a continuous glucose monitor offers the opportunity to match the demands of intensive diabetes management with a period of equally intensive blood glucose monitoring. The present study evaluates the performance of the MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in patients ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152091500316737
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: FreeStyle Libre is a factory-calibrated continuous 14-day glucose sensor. Little is known about the accuracy of FreeStyle Libre as a function of sensor age. Methods: We assessed the accuracy of FreeStyle Libre in 14...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0262
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Faster aspart is insulin aspart (IAsp) in a new formulation, which in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in subjects with type 1 diabetes has shown a faster onset and offset of glucose-lowering effect than IAsp. METHODS:This double-blind, randomized, crossover active-controlled trial compared 2...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0350
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transplantation of microencapsulated islets may allow reversal of hyperglycemia in the absence of immunosuppression. Poly-L-lysine (PLL) on capsules may potentiate the fibrotic reaction against implanted capsules. The aims of this study were to investigate how the biocompatibility of such capsules affects their fu...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152091503322250677
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The management of hyperglycemia in the intensive care unit has been a controversial topic for more than a decade, with target ranges varying from 80-110 mg/dL to <200 mg/dL. Multiple insulin infusion protocols exist, including several computerized protocols, which have attempted to achieve these targets. Imp...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0101
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study assessed the feasibility of a portable bihormonal closed-loop system at home. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Sixteen pump-treated patients with type 1 diabetes received 48 h of closed-loop therapy with a telemonitored insulin- and glucagon-delivering closed-loop system and 48 h of patient-managed open-loop...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0166
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00