Abstract：
:Treatment as Prevention (TasP) using directly-acting antivirals has been advocated for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in people who inject drugs (PWID), but treatment is expensive and TasP's effectiveness is uncertain. Previous modelling has assumed a homogeneously-mixed population or a static network lacking turnover in the population and injecting partnerships. We developed a transmission-dynamic model on a dynamic network of injecting partnerships using data from survey of injecting behaviour carried out in London, UK. We studied transmission on a novel exponential-clustered network, as well as on two simpler networks for comparison, an exponential unclustered and a random network, and found that TasP's effectiveness differs markedly. With respect to an exponential-clustered network, the random network (and homogeneously-mixed population) overestimate TasP's effectiveness, whereas the exponential-unclustered network underestimates it. For all network types TasP's effectiveness depends on whether treated patients change risk behaviour, and on treatment coverage: higher coverage requires fewer total treatments for the same health gain. Whilst TasP can greatly reduce HCV prevalence, incidence of infection, and incidence of reinfection in PWID, assessment of TasP's effectiveness needs to take account of the injecting-partnership network structure and post-treatment behaviour change, and further empirical study is required.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Metzig C,Surey J,Francis M,Conneely J,Abubakar I,White PJdoi
10.1038/s41598-017-01862-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-12 00:00:00pages
1833issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-017-01862-6journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Regional brain sizes of very-preterm infants at term-equivalent age differ from those of term-born peers, which have been linked with later cognitive impairments. However, dependence of regional brain volume loss on gestational age has not been studied in detail. To investigate the spatial pattern of brain growth in n...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep33995
更新日期：2016-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to find the circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) co-related with the severity of coronary artery calcification (CAC), and testify whether the selected miRNAs could reflect the obstructive coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients. Patients with chest pain and moderated risk for coronary a...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep16099
更新日期：2015-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Extreme differences between the sexes are usually explained by intense sexual selection on male weapons or ornaments. Sexually antagonistic genes, with a positive effect on male traits but a negative effect on female fitness, create a negative inter-sexual correlation for fitness (sexual conflict). However, such antag...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-59254-2
更新日期：2020-02-11 00:00:00
abstract：:A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper. ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-43507-w
更新日期：2019-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The definition of a precise illumination region is essential in many applications where the electromagnetic field should be confined in some specific volume. By using conventional structures, it is difficult to achieve an adequate confinement distance (or volume) with negligible levels of radiation leakage beyond it. ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep37739
更新日期：2016-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The release of radon in active fault zones is a sustained radioactive pollution source of the atmospheric environment. The species, concentration and flux of radon emitted in soil gas in active fault zones in the Capital of China were investigated by in-situ field measurements. Two main species of radon discharging fr...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-35262-1
更新日期：2018-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated the impact of mechanically stimulated saliva on initial bacterial colonization. Interaction between oral bacteria and both unstimulated and stimulated saliva was examined in vitro by laying labeled bacteria over SDS-PAGE-separated salivary proteins. The effects of chewing on in vivo biofilm, micro...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-48211-3
更新日期：2019-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:We report, for the first time, that the energy of femtosecond optical laser pulses, E, with relativistic intensities I > 10(21) W/cm(2) is efficiently converted to X-ray radiation, which is emitted by "hot" electron component in collision-less processes and heats the solid density plasma periphery. As shown by direct...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep13436
更新日期：2015-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding of avian nocturnal flight comes mainly from northern hemisphere species in seasonal temperate ecosystems where nocturnal flight is often precisely timed and entrained by annual photoperiod. Here we investigate patterns of nocturnal flight in waterbirds of Australian desert ecosystems that fly considerabl...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-17859-0
更新日期：2017-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The intrinsic atomic mechanisms responsible for electronic doping of epitaxial graphene Moirés on transition metal surfaces is still an open issue. To better understand this process we have carried out a first-principles full characterization of the most representative Moiré superstructures observed on the Gr/Pt(111) ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep20354
更新日期：2016-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Exosomes contain cell-specific collections of bioactive materials including proteins, lipids, and RNAs that are transported to recipient cells to exert their impacts. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can function as tumor suppressor or oncogenic genes and miR-21 is one of the most frequently up-regulated miRNAs in solid tumors incl...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-65207-6
更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The secreted frizzled-related protein 5 gene (SFRP5) that antagonize the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation and oncogenic activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is common in many cancers. The curcumin-rich Curcuma longa has been reported to potent anti-cancer property involved i...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-53509-3
更新日期：2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Interaction between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecule and energetic ion is a subject of interest in different areas of modern physics. Here, we present measurements of energy and angular distributions of absolute double differential electron emission cross section for coronene (C24H12) and fluorene (C13H1...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-05149-8
更新日期：2017-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:WD40 proteins belong to a big protein family with members identified in every eukaryotic proteome. However, WD40 proteins were only reported in a few prokaryotic proteomes. Using WDSP ( http://wu.scbb.pkusz.edu.cn/wdsp/ ), a prediction tool, we identified thousands of prokaryotic WD40 proteins, among which few protein...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-31140-y
更新日期：2018-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Azoles are antifungal drugs used to treat fungal infections such as candidiasis in humans. Their extensive use has led to the emergence of drug resistance, complicating antifungal therapy for yeast infections in critically ill patients. Combination therapy has become popular in clinical practice as a potential strateg...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep17070
更新日期：2015-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:STIM1 and Orai1 are the main components of a widely conserved Calcium influx pathway known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). STIM1 is a calcium sensor, which oligomerizes and activates Orai channels when calcium levels drop inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The series of molecular rearrangements that STIM1 ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep29634
更新日期：2016-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Concussions carry devastating potential for cognitive, neurologic, and socio-emotional disease, but no objective test reliably identifies a concussion and its severity. A variety of neurological insults compromise sound processing, particularly in complex listening environments that place high demands on brain process...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep39009
更新日期：2016-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:A versatile method based on Raman microscopy was developed to follow the degradation of iron carboxylate Metal Organic Framework (MOF) nano- or micro-particles in simulated body fluid (phosphate buffer). The analysis of both the morphology and chemical composition of individual particles, including observation at diff...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-13323-1
更新日期：2017-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Since 2001, hundreds of thousands of hours of underwater acoustic recordings have been made throughout the Southern Ocean south of 60° S. Detailed analysis of the occurrence of marine mammal sounds in these circumpolar recordings could provide novel insights into their ecology, but manual inspection of the entirety of...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-78995-8
更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The paper presents new knowledge on primary defect formation in tungsten (W) and iron (Fe) irradiated by fission and high-energy neutrons at near-room temperature. Using a well-established method of positron-annihilation lifetime-spectroscopy (PALS), it was found that irradiation of W in the fission reactor and by hig...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-75737-8
更新日期：2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The westerly wind burst (WWB) is an important triggering mechanism of El Niño and typically occurs in the western Pacific Ocean. The Fourier spectrum of the wind field over the western tropical Pacific is characterised by a large variety of peaks distributed from intra-seasonal to decadal time scales, suggesting that ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-79655-7
更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:While saline soils account for 6.5% of the total land area globally, it comprises about 70% of the area in northwestern China. Microbiota in these saline soils are particularly important because they are critical to maintaining ecosystem services. However, little is known about the microbial diversity and community co...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-22788-7
更新日期：2018-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Early treatment, soon after infection, reduces HIV transmissions and benefits patients. The Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) evaluated a network intervention to detect individuals recently infected (in the past 6 months). TRIP was conducted in Greece (2013-2015) and focused on drug injector networks....
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep38100
更新日期：2016-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Technical guidelines for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the small bowel (SB) in the setting of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) were detailed in a 2017 consensus issued by European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) and European Society of Pediatric Radiology (ESPR); however, MRI for no...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-50501-9
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial peptides, produced by innate immune system of hosts in response to invading pathogens, are capable of fighting against a spectrum of bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and cancer cells. Here, a recombinant silkworm AMP Bmattacin2 from heterologous expression is studied, indicating a broad spectrum of an...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep31149
更新日期：2016-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to systematically investigate the potential association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, -3, -2, and -8 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to periodontitis using meta-analysis. A literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to obtain relevant publications. Finally a total of 1...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1038/srep24812
更新日期：2016-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Rising temperatures in the Arctic cause accelerated mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and reduced sea ice cover. Tidewater outlet glaciers represent direct connections between glaciers and the ocean where melt rates at the ice-ocean interface are influenced by ocean temperature and circulation. However, few measu...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-05089-3
更新日期：2017-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Tomatoes are known to have ameliorative effects on cardiovascular disease and cancer. The nutritional value of tomatoes can be enhanced by increasing flavonoids content through genetic modification. The regulatory gene PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1) from Arabidopsis is reported to increase initial flavonoi...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-12355-x
更新日期：2017-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:While carbon-based materials have spearheaded numerous breakthroughs in biomedicine, they also have procreated many logical concerns on their overall toxicity. Carbon dots (CDs) as a respectively new member have been extensively explored in nucleus directed delivery and bioimaging due to their intrinsic fluorescence p...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-70796-3
更新日期：2020-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Malaria is a fatal disease that displays a spectrum of symptoms and severity, which are determined by complex host-parasite interactions. It has been difficult to study the effects of parasite strains on disease severity in human infections, but the mechanisms leading to specific disease phenotypes can be investigated...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-10776-2
更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00
