Abstract:
:Metabolomic markers associated with incident central adiposity gain were investigated in young adults. In a 9-mo prospective study of university freshmen (n = 264). Blood samples and anthropometry measurements were collected in the first 3 d on campus and at the end of the year. Plasma from individuals was pooled by phenotype [incident central adiposity, stable adiposity, baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 5.05%, HbA1c < 4.92%] and assayed using GC-MS, chromatograms were analyzed using MetaboliteDetector software, and normalized metabolite levels were compared using Welch's t test. Assays were repeated using freshly prepared pools, and statistically significant metabolites were quantified in a targeted GC-MS approach. Isotope tracer studies were performed to determine if the potential marker was an endogenous human metabolite in men and in whole blood. Participants with incident central adiposity gain had statistically significantly higher blood erythritol [P < 0.001, false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.0435], and the targeted assay revealed 15-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.27, 16.25] higher blood erythritol compared with participants with stable adiposity. Participants with baseline HbA1c > 5.05% had 21-fold (95% CI: 19.84, 21.41) higher blood erythritol compared with participants with lower HbA1c (P < 0.001, FDR = 0.00016). Erythritol was shown to be synthesized endogenously from glucose via the pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) in stable isotope-assisted ex vivo blood incubation experiments and through in vivo conversion of erythritol to erythronate in stable isotope-assisted dried blood spot experiments. Therefore, endogenous production of erythritol from glucose may contribute to the association between erythritol and obesity observed in young adults.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Hootman KC,Trezzi JP,Kraemer L,Burwell LS,Dong X,Guertin KA,Jaeger C,Stover PJ,Hiller K,Cassano PAdoi
10.1073/pnas.1620079114subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-23 00:00:00pages
E4233-E4240issue
21eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1620079114journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The covalent attachment of heme to apocytochrome c, and therefore the import of cytochrome c into mitochondria, is dependent on both NADH plus a cytosolic cofactor that has been identified to be FMN or FAD. NADH in concert with flavin nucleotides mediates the reduction of heme. Heme in the reduced state is a prerequis...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4340
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perinuclear localization of myosin-V was investigated in a variety of cultured mammalian cells and in primary cultures of rat hippocampus. In all cells investigated, myosin-V immunoreactivity was associated with the centrosome. In interphase cells, myosin-V was found in pericentriolar material, and in both mother ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8636
更新日期:1998-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::To visualize histone acetylation in living cells, we developed a genetically encoded fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based indicator. Response of the indicator reflects changes in the acetylation state of both K5 and K8 in histone H4. Using this acetylation indicator, we were able to monitor the dynamic f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902150106
更新日期:2009-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Dynein is a microtubule motor that powers motility of cilia and flagella. There is evidence that the relative sliding of the doublet microtubules is due to a conformational change in the motor domain that moves a microtubule bound to the end of an extension known as the stalk. A predominant model for the movement invo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808194105
更新日期:2008-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Melanocyte stimulating hormone coupled to Sepharose effects an increase in tryosinase (EC 1.14.18.1; monophenol monoxygenase) activity of cultivated mouse melanoma cells. Synchronized cells are found to respond to melanocyte stimulating hormone only in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, although their response to cyclic ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.5.1590
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is used to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, but it is poorly quality assured. Quality assurance was performed in eight VL endemic districts in Bihar State, India, in 2014. Residual dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was sampled from walls using Bostik tape discs, and DDT ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1507782112
更新日期:2015-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::Frame-shift mutations at microsatellites occur as a time-dependent function of polymerase errors followed by failure of postreplicational mismatch repair. A cell-culture system was developed that allows identification of intermediate mutant cells that carry the mutation on a single DNA strand after the initial DNA pol...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0437965100
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::The catalytic cycle of the ATP/Mg(2+)-dependent enzyme beta-lactam synthetase (beta-LS) from Streptomyces clavuligerus has been observed through a series of x-ray crystallographic snapshots. Chemistry is initiated by the ordered binding of ATP/Mg(2+) and N(2)-(carboxyethyl)-l-arginine (CEA) to the apoenzyme. The apo a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.232361199
更新日期:2002-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::We previously have identified a subpopulation of contact-insensitive (CS-) cells which lacks density-dependent inhibition of cell division in primary and low-passage cultures of Syrian hamster embryonic (SHE) fibroblastic cells. Further, we have shown that the proportion of these CS- cells declines as a result of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.15.5005
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patterning method termed "RIPPLE" (reactive interface patterning promoted by lithographic electrochemistry) is applied to the fabrication of arrays of dielectric and metallic optical elements. This method uses cyclic voltammetry to impart patterns onto the working electrode of a standard three-electrode electrochemi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1504280112
更新日期:2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Aortic endothelial cells from normal pigs and pigs with von Willebrand disease have been established in long-term cultures. Both cultures appeared similar in terms of general growth characteristics, morphologic features and ultrastructure. Immunofluorescent staining of these cultures with chicken (or rabbit) antiporci...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5702
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mannan-binding protein (MBP), a Ca2+-dependent mammalian lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine, is an important serum component associated with innate immunity. MBP activates complement and functions as a direct opsonin on binding to mannooligosaccharide-bearing pathogens. We have found that MBP recogniz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.371
更新日期:1999-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::IL-7 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are two major cytokines controlling murine B cell development. IL-7 has been studied extensively, but only recently has it become possible to unravel the role of TSLP in detail. We studied the biological activities of TSLP in B cell development at distinct ages in the mouse...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402919101
更新日期:2004-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::During meiosis, homologous chromosomes recombine and become closely apposed along their lengths within the synaptonemal complex (SC). In part because Spo11 is required both to make the double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination and to promote normal SC formation in many organisms, it is clear that these t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0400843101
更新日期:2004-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes is preceded by the development of insulin resistance, in which the action of insulin is impaired, largely in skeletal muscles. Caveolin-3 (Cav3) is a muscle-specific subtype of caveolin, an example of a scaffolding protein found within membranes. Cav is also known as growth signal inhibitor, although i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402053101
更新日期:2004-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::C1q-like genes (C1ql1-C1ql4) encode small, secreted proteins that are expressed in differential patterns in the brain but whose receptors and functions remain unknown. BAI3 protein, in contrast, is a member of the cell-adhesion class of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed at high levels in the brain but who...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1019577108
更新日期:2011-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Most human tumors are clonal in origin, although the cells may be diverse in their properties. Since the tumors evolve through progressive stages over decades of time, it is possible that the conditions that induced the tumor transform many cells, but that selective overgrowth of the fastest growing lead to a clonal p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.22.10524
更新日期:1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Adriamycin (doxorubicin) was encapsulated in human erythrocytes by means of a dialysis technique involving transient hypotonic hemolysis followed by isotonic resealing. Up to 1.6 mg of the drug was entrapped per ml of packed erythrocytes, with the efficiency of encapsulation being 60-80%. In vitro incubation of the Ad...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.18.7029
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pentamidine, diminazene aceturate (Berenil), isometamidium chloride (Samorin), and ethidium bromide, which are important antitrypanosomal drugs, promote linearization of Trypanosoma equiperdum minicircle DNA (the principal component of kinetoplast DNA, the mitochondrial DNA in these parasites). This effect occurs at t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.3.950
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gating currents of the cloned delayed-rectifier K+ channel DRK1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes were measured with the open-oocyte Vaseline-gap voltage-clamp technique. DRK1 gating charge had the following salient properties: (i) gating-charge amplitude correlated positively with size of the expressed ionic K+ currents; ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.10.4758
更新日期:1993-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Oscillations in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) occur spontaneously in immature neurons of the developing cerebral cortex. Here, we show that developing murine cortical neurons exhibit calcium oscillations in response to direct activation of the mGluR5 subtype of the group I metabotropic glutama...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.21.12144
更新日期:1999-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Focally evoked calcium waves in astrocyte cultures have been thought to propagate by gap-junction-mediated intercellular passage of chemical signal(s). In contrast to this mechanism we observed isolated astrocytes, which had no physical contact with other astrocytes in the culture, participating in a calcium wave. Thi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13268
更新日期:1996-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The polyomavirus enhancer is composed of multiple DNA sequence elements serving as binding sites for proteins present in mouse nuclear extracts that activate transcription and DNA replication. We have identified three such proteins and their binding sites and correlate them with enhancer function. Mutation of nucleoti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.16.5839
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen plays a critical role in many physiological processes and exerts profound effects on behavior by regulating neuronal excitability. While estrogen has been established to exert effects on dendritic morphology and excitatory neurotransmission its role in regulating neuronal inhibition is poorly understood. Fast...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705075114
更新日期:2017-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Rat adrenal mitochondria accumulated cholesterol during ether stress in vivo when side-chain cleavage was inhibited by aminoglutethimide (control = 14.6 vs. aminoglutethimide = 26.5 micrograms of cholesterol per mg of protein). This accumulation was insensitive to simultaneous administration of cycloheximide (24.2 mic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.3.702
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An invariant substructure that forms two interlocked pairs of neighboring beta-strands occurs in essentially all known sandwich-like proteins. Eight conserved positions in these strands were recently shown to act as structural determinants. To test whether the residues at these invariant positions are conserved for me...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501038102
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin that is an essential virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes. LLO pore-forming activity is pH-dependent; it is active at acidic pH (<6), but not at neutral pH. In contrast to other pH-dependent toxins, we have determined that LLO pore-forming activity is co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500558102
更新日期:2005-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of subjects with different degrees of glucose intolerance were examined in order to determine, first, the capacity of the beta cells to release insulin upon glucose stimulation and, second, sensitivity to insulin. The groups were selected on the basis of fasting blood glucose value and tolerances to oral and in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.7425
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood cells transplantation is largely replacing bone marrow transplantation because engraftment is more rapid. This accelerated engraftment is thought to be mediated by relatively mature committed hematopoietic progenitor cells. Herein, we have used a modified rhodamine (Rho) staining procedure to identify and purify...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.725
更新日期:1998-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The growth of a small number of cells from each of two chemically induced BALB/c sarcomas was enhanced when x-irradiated (15,000 rads) cells of the same sarcoma were mixed with the tumor inoculum. This enhancement did not occur if the recipients had been given a total body x-irradiation of 450 rads. Tumor neutralizati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.1.436
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00