Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Our knowledge about lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) has improved substantially in the last years, but the management of respiratory infections is still a challenge and we are still far from using precision medicine in their treatment. Areas covered: The approaches developed in recent years to improve the pharmacotherapeutic management of LRTIs, such as novel diagnostic assays to facilitate medical decision-making, attempts for selecting an optimal empiric antibiotic regimen, and the role of new and possibly unproven adjunctive therapies, are described. Expert opinion: Early and appropriate antibiotics remain the cornerstone in the treatment of LRTIs. The updated trend is to apply antimicrobial stewardship principles and initiatives to optimize both the management and the outcomes of LTRIs. Biomarkers, mainly C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), can improve the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of LRTIs and aid to guide antibiotic therapy. The widespread use of antimicrobial agents has greatly contributed to faster development of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of opportunistic pathogens, which substitute the indigenous microbiota. However, very few new antibiotics in development to overcome existing resistance and ensure continued success in the treatment of LRTIs have been approved, likely because antibiotic stewardship programs discourage the use of new agents.
journal_name
Expert Opin Pharmacotherjournal_title
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapyauthors
Cazzola M,Rogliani P,Aliberti S,Blasi F,Matera MGdoi
10.1080/14656566.2017.1328497subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-01 00:00:00pages
973-988issue
10eissn
1465-6566issn
1744-7666journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Glycosuria is being increasingly recognised as not only a symptom but also as a novel therapeutic approach in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is accomplished through sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Consequently, the safety and efficacy of these new agents have been thoroughl...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.994505
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:With growing knowledge of the molecular pathway of carcinogenesis, targeted therapies have become the 'blue ocean' of cancer treatment. sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that targets Raf/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (Raf/MEK/ERK) and several ty...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.679930
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active form of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), is used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MMF and EC-MPS pharmacokinetics were examined to devise guidance for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for SLE patients with normal ren...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14656561003592144
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluticasone propionate (FP) is a potent inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for the treatment of asthma. It is currently marketed in both the United States (as Flovent) and Europe (as Flixotide). Fluticasone is available in both aerosolised metered dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder devices, with dosages ranging from 44-500 m...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.1.6.1227
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Treatment options for hair disorders are generally very limited. These options are even more limited in children due to the lack of trials and clinical research. Moreover, physicians are sometimes scared to treat children with drugs without safety data, especially because most hair disorders are benign. A...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1217990
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Silodosin is a new uroselective alpha-blocker with high pharmacological selectivity for the (1A) adrenoceptor. It is an effective and well-tolerated treatment in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), due to presumed bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The eff...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.714368
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Lefamulin is a novel antibiotic that belongs to the pleuromutilin class with excellent activity against all microorganisms, including atypical pathogens, that cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). AREAS COVERED:This article reviews the spectrum of activity, the main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1714592
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic, relapsing, debilitating disorder, associated with markedly impaired social and occupational functioning. Pharmacological treatment is considered standard care and several drug classes are now FDA approved for the treatment of GAD. While there are clear data ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.618496
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions in many countries and is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). The angiotensin II receptor-1 (AT(1)) antagonists losartan and irbesartan have recently been evaluated as renoprotective agents in large clinical trials of patients with Type 2 diabetes ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14656566.3.5.625
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cilostazol is a reversible, selective inhibitor of PDE3A able to significantly improve walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication. However, beyond its antiplatelet and vasodilator properties, cilostazol seems to have significant effects on atherogenic dyslipidemia. AREAS COVERED:The effec...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.557359
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have revealed the intimate associations between erectile dysfunction (ED), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and depression. Whether the physicians should also screen for the other two components when a patient presents with one component of this triad is still an important question to be answered. These th...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560903089326
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:During the past decade, there have been significant advances in the pharmacotherapies for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Among the presently available treatment options, anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) agents are the most favored agents due to their efficacy and safety....
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1100172
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Metastatic prostate cancer is an incurable disease that is treated with a variety of hormonal therapies targeting various nodes of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway. Invariably patients develop resistance and become castration resistant. Common treatments for castration-resistant disease include novel hor...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1055249
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most commonly encountered bacterial infections. Acute uncomplicated UTIs in adults include episodes of cystitis and pyelonephritis. The main uropathogens causing uncomplicated UTIs have, in the past, been fairly predictable and they have generally been susceptible to sever...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2.8.1227
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor, exhibits a poor prognosis with little therapeutic progress in the last decade. Novel treatment strategies beyond the established standard of care with temozolomide-based radiotherapy are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED:We reviewed the literature on gliob...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1176146
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Bipolar I disorder (BD I) is complex with a chronic course that significantly impacts a sufferer's quality of life. As of right now, there are many available treatments that aim to rapidly treat manic or depressive episodes and stabilize mood. The purpose of this report is to provide an up-to-date comprehe...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1426746
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Treatment options for relapsed ovarian cancer have increased over the decade with the addition of targeted agents, such as PARP inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was the first anti-angiogenic agent to be incorporated ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2017.1383384
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. A number of scoring systems have been developed but they are of limited value in guiding individual patient treatment decisions. OBJECTIVE:We have presented the benefits and limitations of ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.10.1667
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, hepatitis C virus-related arthritis (HCVrA) has been recognised as an autonomous rheumatic disorder. Two subsets of the disease have been identified: a polyarthritis involving small joints that resembles rheumatoid arthritis, but is usually milder, and a mono-oligoarthritis that shows an intermittent ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.6.1.27
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death, and hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor. Statins, with simvastatin among the most widely used, have ample evidence demonstrating prevention of cardiovascular events and mortality. Ezetimibe is effective at improving serum lipids in combination with ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1041504
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The burden of insomnia has had a significant effect not only on the socioeconomic matrix, but also the medical terrain, as signified by the increased morbidity and mortality of its associated psychiatric and organic sequelae. To this end, a plethora of pharmacotherapeutic agents have been recently introduced that addr...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.7.13.1731
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the functional roles of the closely related pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic sciences in medicine. Firstly, they provide means for a better understanding of the function of drugs, and particularly of the differences of drug action between individuals and also between racially categorised popula...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.6.8.1299
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of HIV infection. In addition, improved treatment of opportunistic infections and comorbidities common to patients with HIV is further prolonging the lives of patients. Improvement in the treatment of HIV has led to a sign...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.6.2.233
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The majority of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) do not achieve glycemic targets. In addition, treatment with insulin is associated with increased risk for hypoglycemia and weight gain. Accordingly, there is an unmet need for new safe and effective glucose-lowering agents in this population. S...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1793961
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:The clinical features and natural history of HIV-associated lymphomas differ greatly from those observed in the general population. The failure to improve outcomes with treatment intensification indicates the need for the introduction of new therapeutic options. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:Thi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2010.502528
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of patients suffering from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (EGFRm+) receiving gefitinib who remained clinically stable following confirmation of progressive disease (PD) using Response Evaluation C...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1484903
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With emphasis on the pulmonary circulation, three general types of vascular disease are discussed: fibroproliferative (atherosclerosis), cellular proliferative (endothelial neoplasms) and inflammatory (granulomatous vasculitis). The causes of these phenotypic responses are invariably multifactorial, but infectious age...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2.7.1093
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic refractory angina is a term used to describe patients who, despite optimal medical therapy, have both angina and objective evidence of ischaemia. It is estimated that 5-15% of the 12 million patients with chronic angina in the US meet the criteria for having refractory angina. This review focuses on the follow...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.7.3.259
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dexmethylphenidate is a single-isomer stimulant medication approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Single-isomer drugs have the potential for decreased undesired effects and improved therapeutic efficacy. Stimulant medications have been the mainstay treatments for ADHD ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14656560903386284
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anticoagulants are used for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism and for the secondary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction. The list of available anticoagulants includes unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins, fondaparinux, warfarin and the direct thrombin inhibitors. Numero...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.7.8.989
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00