Abstract:
:I give an account how the principle of 'respect for autonomy' dominates the field of bioethics, and how it came to triumph over its competitors, 'respect for persons' and 'respect for free power of choice'. I argue that 'respect for autonomy' is unsatisfactory as a basic principle of bioethics because it is grounded in too individualistic a worldview, citing concerns of African theorists and other communitarians who claim that the principle fails to acknowledge the fundamental importance of understanding persons within the nexus of their communal relationships. I defend the claim that 'respect for persons' is a more appropriate principle, as it is able to acknowledge both individual decision making and the essential relationality of persons. I acknowledge that my preference for 'respect for persons' is problematic because of the important debate around the definition of 'personhood' in bioethics discourse. Relying on Thaddeus Metz's conception of moral status, I propose a relational definition of personhood that distinguishes between persons with agency and persons without agency, arguing that we have different moral obligations to these distinct categories of persons. I claim that this conception of personhood is better able to accommodate our moral intuitions than conventional approaches, and that it is able to do so without being speciesist or question-begging.
journal_name
Dev World Bioethjournal_title
Developing world bioethicsauthors
Behrens KGdoi
10.1111/dewb.12145subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
126-134issue
2eissn
1471-8731issn
1471-8847journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Explaining technical terms in consent forms prior to seeking informed consent to recruit into trials can be challenging in developing countries, and more so when the studies are randomized controlled trials. This study was carried out to examine the opinions of researchers on ways of dealing with these chall...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2006.00164.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Like other so-called 'parallel' practices in medicine, traditional medicine (TM) does not avoid criticism or even rejection. Nyika's article 'Ethical and Regulatory Issues Surrounding African Traditional Medicine in the Context of HIV/AIDS' looks at some of the issues from a traditional Western ethical perspective and...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2007.00184.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with data that is initially collected for research purposes, the mandatory authorization of a government database for secondary use deserves greater scrutiny because it consists of information that is collected initially for administrative purposes. Using the case of Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) D...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12259
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is little published literature on the ethical concerns of stakeholders in HIV vaccine trials. This study explored the ethical challenges identified by various stakeholders, through an open-ended, in-depth approach. While the few previous studies have been largely quantitative, respondents in this study had the o...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2009.00254.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many countries in Africa, and more generally those in the Global South with tropical areas, are plagued by illnesses that the wealthier parts of the world (mainly 'the West') neither suffer from nor put systematic effort into preventing, treating or curing. What does an ethic with a recognizably African pedigree entai...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12179
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The latest (June 2005) draft of UNESCO's proposed Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights is a major disappointment. The committee of government 'experts' that produced it made sure that it would not introduce any new obligations for States, and so the document simply restates existing agreements and lists...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2005.00117.x
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Bene Israel is a Jewish community in western India whose origins are unknown from conventional sources. This paper discusses a genetic ancestry study that mapped Bene Israel genealogies and the impact of the study on the Bene Israel. ...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-8731.2003.00074.x
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychiatric genetic research investigates the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders with the aim of more effectively understanding, treating, or, ultimately, preventing such disorders. Given the challenges of recruiting research participants into such studies, the potential for long-term benefits of such research, an...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12251
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kidney transplantation is a lifesaving medical treatment. However, very high demand for kidneys with low kidney donation causes a black market that exploits patients' desperation and donors' vulnerability. The current kidney donation programs fail to produce promising results to avoid illegal and unethical kidney traf...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12192
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines the relationship between bioethics and the therapeutic standards in HIV prevention research in the developing world, focusing on the closure of the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trials in the early 2000s. I situate the PrEP trials in the historical context of the vertical transmission debates o...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2010.00292.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research is a global enterprise requiring participation of both genders for generalizable knowledge; advancement of science and evidence based medical treatment. Participation of women in research is necessary to reduce the current bias that most empirical evidence is obtained from studies with men to inform health ca...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12112
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The last 20 years have seen a staggering growth in the practice of off-shoring clinical research to low-and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs), a growth that has been matched by the neoliberal policies adopted by host countries towards attracting trials to their shores. A recurring concern in this context is the ...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2012.00332.x
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four key guidance points in the UNAIDS guidance document, Ethical Considerations in HIV Preventive Vaccine Research, are compared with analogous statements in three other recently issued documents dealing with international research. Those documents are: the Declaration of Helsinki, as revised in 2000; the report of t...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1471-8847.00017
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the case of Rosa, a nine-year-old girl who was denied a therapeutic abortion, this article analyzes the role played by the social in medical practice. For that purpose, it compares the different application of two similar pieces of legislation in Costa Rica, where both the practice of abortion and sterilizati...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2007.00200.x
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This summary lays out the basic science and methodology used in genetic testing that investigates historical population migrations and the ancestry of living individuals. The genetic markers used in this testing, and the distinction between Y-chromosome, mitochondrial and autosomes analysis, are explained and the shor...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-8731.2003.00064.x
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The significance of animals in research cannot be over-emphasized. The use of animals for research and training in research centres, hospitals and schools is progressively increasing. Advances in biotechnology to improve animal productivity require animal research. Drugs being developed and new interventions or therap...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12001
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the context of clinical and non-clinical biomedical practices, negligence is usually understood as a lapse of a specific professional duty by a healthcare worker or by a medical facility. This paper tries to delineate systemic negligence as another kind of negligence in the context of health systems, particularly i...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/dewb.12063
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::One effect of late capitalism--the commodification of practically everything--is to knock down the Chinese walls between the natural and productive realms, to use a Marxist framework. Women's labour in egg extraction and 'surrogate' motherhood might then be seen as what it is, labour which produces something of value....
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1471-8847.00035
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper seeks to highlight the benefits of prioritizing moderate African communitarian principles as partly demonstrated in the HIV prevention strategies implemented in Uganda in the late 1980s. Pertinent lessons could be drawn so as to achieve the HIV prevention targets envisioned in the post-2015 development era....
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12139
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principle of informed refusal poses a specific problem when it is invoked by a pregnant woman who, in spite of having accepted her pregnancy, refuses the diagnostic and/or therapeutic measures that would ensure the well-being of her endangered fetus. Guidelines issued by professional bodies in the developed world ...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2006.00132.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This article describes the types of community-wide benefits provided by investigators conducting public health research in South Asia as well as their self-reported reasons for providing such benefits. METHODS:We conducted 52 in-depth interviews to explore how public health investigators in low-resource set...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2012.00333.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the financial pressure caused by cutbacks in funding and the race to achieve higher university rankings, researchers are competing for limited funds. These funds enable researchers to contribute to the scientific enterprise and to secure better positions. Given this pressure, there is a need to understand how a...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12298
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, health systems research (HSR) is reviewed by the same ethical standards as clinical research, which has recently been argued in the literature to be an inappropriate standard of evaluation. The issues unique to HSR warrant a different review by research ethics committees (RECs), as it does not impose the sa...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/dewb.12117
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intensified nurse migration leads to severe problems for the health care systems in many developing countries. Using the Philippines as an example, this paper will address the question of global nurse migration from a philosophical perspective. John Rawls' liberal and Michael Walzer's communitarian theory of justi...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2010.00284.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An ethical analysis of Jordan's Clinical Research Law, which became effective in 2001, was performed. Accordingly, this paper discusses the major components, key strengths and weaknesses of this law. As an initial effort, the Law addresses important aspects of research ethics and, hence, should serve as an example for...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2007.00221.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the development of assisted reproductive technologies, infertile individuals have crossed borders to obtain treatments unavailable or unaffordable in their own country. Recent media coverage has focused on the outsourcing of surrogacy to developing countries, where the cost for surrogacy is significantly less th...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2009.00257.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obtaining 'informed consent' from every individual participant involved in health research is a mandatory ethical practice. Informed consent is a process whereby potential participants are genuinely informed about their role, risk and rights before they are enrolled in the study. Thus, ethics committees in most countr...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12123
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::By examining the global public good nature of pandemic preparedness we can identify key social justice issues that need to be confronted to increase citizens' voluntary compliance with prevention and mitigation measures. As people tend to cooperate on a voluntary basis only with systems they consider fair, it becomes ...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12289
更新日期:2020-09-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The globalization of clinical research in the last two decades has led to a significant increase in the volume of clinical research in developing countries. As of 2016, Uganda was the third largest destination for clinical trials in Africa. This requires adequate capacity and systems to facilitate ethical pr...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12198
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we describe the potential role laypersons on ethics committees can play in ensuring community concerns are addressed in the design and implementation of genomic research. We draw inferences from the outcome of an empirical study of the impact of training of laypersons to address community engagement iss...
journal_title:Developing world bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dewb.12020
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00