Abstract:
:Toxic heavy metals have been considered to be harmful environmental contaminations. The molecular mechanisms of heavy-metals-induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity are still not well elucidated. Previous reports showed exposures to toxic heavy metals can cause a change of DNA cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC). However, it is still not clear whether heavy metals have effects on the recently identified new epigenetic marks in both DNA and RNA, i.e., 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-foC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC). Here, we established a chemical labeling strategy in combination with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis for highly sensitive detection of eight modified cytidines in DNA and RNA. The developed method allowed simultaneous detection of all eight modified cytidines with improved detection sensitivities of 128-443-fold. Using this method, we demonstrated that the levels of 5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC significantly decreased in both the DNA and RNA of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells while exposed to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and antimony (Sb). In addition, we found that treatments by heavy metals induced a decrease of the activities of 10-11 translocation (Tet) proteins. Furthermore, we revealed that a content change of metabolites occurring in the tricarboxylic acid cycle may be responsible for the decline of the derivatives of 5-mC. Our study shed light on the epigenetic effects of heavy metals, especially for the induced decline of the derivatives of 5-mC in both DNA and RNA.
journal_name
ACS Chem Bioljournal_title
ACS chemical biologyauthors
Xiong J,Liu X,Cheng QY,Xiao S,Xia LX,Yuan BF,Feng YQdoi
10.1021/acschembio.7b00170subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-16 00:00:00pages
1636-1643issue
6eissn
1554-8929issn
1554-8937journal_volume
12pub_type
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