Structure-function relations in physiology education: Where's the mechanism?

Abstract:

:Physiology demands systems thinking: reasoning within and between levels of biological organization and across different organ systems. Many physiological mechanisms explain how structures and their properties interact at one level of organization to produce emergent functions at a higher level of organization. Current physiology principles, such as structure-function relations, selectively neglect mechanisms by not mentioning this term explicitly. We explored how students characterized mechanisms and functions to shed light on how students make sense of these terms. Students characterized mechanisms as 1) processes that occur at levels of organization lower than that of functions; and 2) as detailed events with many steps involved. We also found that students produced more variability in how they characterized functions compared with mechanisms: students characterized functions in relation to multiple levels of organization and multiple definitions. We interpret these results as evidence that students see mechanisms as holding a more narrow definition than used in the biological sciences, and that students struggle to coordinate and distinguish mechanisms from functions due to cognitive processes germane to learning in many domains. We offer the instructional suggestion that we scaffold student learning by affording students opportunities to relate and also distinguish between these terms so central to understanding physiology.

journal_name

Adv Physiol Educ

authors

Lira ME,Gardner SM

doi

10.1152/advan.00175.2016

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-06-01 00:00:00

pages

270-278

issue

2

eissn

1043-4046

issn

1522-1229

pii

41/2/270

journal_volume

41

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Addressing students' misconceptions of renal clearance.

    abstract::Renal clearance is one of the more difficult concepts for students of physiology to learn. We hypothesized that this difficulty is rooted in a student's misunderstanding of virtual volume. This was tested by having students select from several drawings the one they thought plasma would look like after a certain volume...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1152/advan.00021.2004

    authors: Richardson D,Speck D

    更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00

  • Using the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea to teach cardiopulmonary integration.

    abstract::Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder of upper airway obstruction during sleep. The effects of intermittent upper airway obstruction include alveolar hypoventilation, altered arterial blood gases and acid-base status, and stimulation of the arterial chemoreceptors, which leads to frequent arousals. These ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.90137.2008

    authors: Levitzky MG

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • Students' colleges and achievement in an advanced course.

    abstract::The aim of the present study was to determine whether a significant relationship exists between a student's college (Allied Health, Arts and Science, Education, and Graduate School) and achievement in an advanced-level course in human physiology (PGY 412G). The mean percentage of correct answers on four multiple-choic...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00039.2001

    authors: Zolman JF,Ott CE

    更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00

  • History of hepatic bile formation: old problems, new approaches.

    abstract::Studies of hepatic bile formation reported in 1958 established that it was an osmotically generated water flow. Intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate established a high correlation between hepatic bile flow and bile acid excretion. Secretin, a hormone that stimulates bicarbonate secretion, was also found to incr...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00076.2014

    authors: Javitt NB

    更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00

  • Teaching basic gastrointestinal physiology using classic papers by Dr. Walter B. Cannon.

    abstract::The movements of the gastrointestinal tract, as described by Walter B. Cannon 100 years ago, reveal much about the functions of this unique organ and how it is controlled by the body. Two classic papers by Cannon provide a rare glimpse into the hidden functions of the body and give students a great example of the scie...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00112.2006

    authors: Bertrand PP,Bertrand RL

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Degree requirements of physiology undergraduate programs in the Physiology Majors Interest Group.

    abstract::Physiology undergraduate degree programs operate in isolation relative to other biological science programs, with little to no understanding of how other institutions structure their course requirements and other degree requirements. The purpose of this report is to preliminarily describe the collective curriculum of ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1152/advan.00179.2019

    authors: Wehrwein EA,VanRyn VS,Kelly K

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • Teaching pulmonary gas exchange physiology using computer modeling.

    abstract::Students often have difficulty understanding the relationship of O(2) consumption, CO(2) production, cardiac output, and distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lung to the final arterial blood gas composition. To overcome this difficulty, I have developed an interactive computer simulation of pulmonary ga...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00099.2007

    authors: Kapitan KS

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Educational leadership: benefits of stepping outside the classroom.

    abstract::Although most educators have their greatest impact in the classroom, the increased need for diverse learning activities has created new opportunities for leadership. Moreover, many Tenure and Promotion Committees are finding that it is no longer sufficient to consider only lecture hours when evaluating a faculty membe...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1152/advan.00083.2017

    authors: Pressley TA

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Learning how to learn: can embedded discussion boards help first-year students discover new learning strategies?

    abstract::Learning anatomy and physiology at university can be challenging, as students need to understand both the language of the discipline and complex topics, such as system integration. Yet learning strategies are rarely taught at university, making it difficult for students to adopt new strategies, if their approach to le...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00065.2019

    authors: Ainscough L,Leung R,Colthorpe K

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Who's the boss: determining the control pathways of cardiovascular and cellular immune responses to acute stress.

    abstract::Acute stress responses are known to include increases in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as increases in the number of circulating immune cells, all of which are governed by the autonomic nervous system. This laboratory practical measures cardiovascular and circulating immune cell responses to a passive (cold p...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00087.2017

    authors: Edwards KM,Morris NB

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiac electrophysiology: normal and ischemic ionic currents and the ECG.

    abstract::Basic cardiac electrophysiology is foundational to understanding normal cardiac function in terms of rate and rhythm and initiation of cardiac muscle contraction. The primary clinical tool for assessing cardiac electrical events is the electrocardiogram (ECG), which provides global and regional information on rate, rh...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1152/advan.00105.2016

    authors: Klabunde RE

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Quantitative concept mapping in pulmonary physiology: comparison of student and faculty knowledge structures.

    abstract::Quantitative concept mapping, in contrast with qualitative approaches, is rigorous scientifically and permits statistical analyses of data about concept learning. This study extends past quantitative research on the structure of student concept learning in pulmonary physiology. Pathfinder scaling is used to derive con...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advances.2000.23.1.S72

    authors: McGaghie WC,McCrimmon DR,Mitchell G,Thompson JA,Ravitch MM

    更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00

  • Learning style preferences and course performance in an undergraduate physiology class.

    abstract::Learning styles may be classified according to the sensory modality that one most prefers to use when internalizing information. The four major sensory modalities are visual, aural or auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preferred learning style, ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00048.2009

    authors: Dobson JL

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Living history of physiology: Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen.

    abstract::In 2005, The American Physiological Society initiated The Living History of Physiology Project to recognize senior members who have made extraordinary contributions during their career to the advancement of the discipline and profession of physiology. Each physiologist will be interviewed for archival purposes, and th...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 传,历史文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00030.2005

    authors: Dantzler WH

    更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00

  • Making students do the thinking: team-based learning in a laboratory course.

    abstract::Team-based learning (TBL) is a teaching pedagogy for flipping the classroom that moves the focus of the classroom from the instructor conveying course concepts via lecture to the application of concepts by student teams. It has been used extensively in lecture courses; however, there is little evidence of its use in l...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00108.2013

    authors: Simonson SR

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • A conceptual framework for homeostasis: development and validation.

    abstract::We have developed and validated a conceptual framework for understanding and teaching organismal homeostasis at the undergraduate level. The resulting homeostasis conceptual framework details critical components and constituent ideas underlying the concept of homeostasis. It has been validated by a broad range of phys...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00103.2015

    authors: McFarland J,Wenderoth MP,Michael J,Cliff W,Wright A,Modell H

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • The K-INBRE symposium: a 10-institution collaboration to improve undergraduate education.

    abstract::The Kansas-IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (K-INBRE) is an infrastructure-building program funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Undergraduate education, through undergraduate research, is a key component of the program. The K-INBRE network includes 10 higher education institutio...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00093.2017

    authors: Velasquez SE,Abraham K,Burnett TG,Chapin B,Hendry WJ 3rd,Leung S,Madden ME,Rider V,Stanford JA,Ward RE,Chapes SK

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • Stop Think: a simple approach to encourage the self-assessment of learning.

    abstract::A simple "stop think" approach was developed to encourage the self-assessment of learning. A key element was the requirement for students to rate their feeling of difficulty before [FOD(pre)] and after [FOD(post)] completing each of three authentic anatomy and physiology concept map exercises. The cohort was divided i...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00174.2016

    authors: Guy R,Byrne B,Dobos M

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Undergraduates' understanding of cardiovascular phenomena.

    abstract::Undergraduates students in 12 courses at 8 different institutions were surveyed to determine the prevalence of 13 different misconceptions (conceptual difficulties) about cardiovascular function. The prevalence of these misconceptions ranged from 20 to 81% and, for each misconception, was consistent across the differe...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00002.2002

    authors: Michael JA,Wenderoth MP,Modell HI,Cliff W,Horwitz B,McHale P,Richardson D,Silverthorn D,Williams S,Whitescarver S

    更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00

  • Comparative effectiveness of a mnemonic-use approach vs. self-study to interpret a lateral chest X-ray.

    abstract::The chest X-ray is the most commonly performed medical imaging study; however, the lateral chest film intimidates many physicians and medical students. The lateral view is more difficult to interpret than the frontal view but provides important information that is either not visible or not as evident on frontal view, ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1152/advan.00034.2017

    authors: Thompson M,Johansen D,Stoner R,Jarstad A,Sorrells R,McCarroll ML,Justice W

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • Development, implementation, and assessment of a distance module in endocrine physiology.

    abstract::This study aimed to develop, implement, and assess a distance module in endocrine physiology in TelEduc for undergraduate nursing students from a public university in Brazil, with a sample size of 44 students. Stage 1 consisted of the development of the module, through the process of creating a distance course by mean...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00070.2009

    authors: Rangel EM,Costa Mendes IA,Cárnio EC,Marchi Alves LM,de Godoy S,de Almeida Crispim J

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Engaging medical undergraduates in question making: a novel way to reinforcing learning in physiology.

    abstract::The monotony of conventional didactic lectures makes students less attentive toward learning, and they tend to memorize isolated facts without understanding, just for the sake of passing exams. Therefore, to promote a habit of gaining indepth knowledge of basic sciences in medical undergraduates along with honing of t...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00068.2016

    authors: Mehta B,Bhandari B

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiovascular and pulmonary interactions: why Galen's misconceptions proved clinically useful for 1,300 years.

    abstract::The new generations of physicians are, to a large extent, unaware of the complex philosophical and biological concepts that created the bases of modern medicine. Building on the Hellenistic tradition of the four humors and their qualities, Galen (AD 129 to c. 216) provided a persuasive scheme of the structure and func...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00058.2020

    authors: Neder JA

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • Assessment of learning styles of undergraduate medical students using the VARK questionnaire and the influence of sex and academic performance.

    abstract::While there are several tools to study learning styles of students, the visual-aural-read/write-kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire is a simple, freely available, easy to administer tool that encourages students to describe their behavior in a manner they can identify with and accept. The aim is to understand the preferr...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00024.2014

    authors: Urval RP,Kamath A,Ullal S,Shenoy AK,Shenoy N,Udupa LA

    更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cat dissection vs. sculpting human structures in clay: an analysis of two approaches to undergraduate human anatomy laboratory education.

    abstract::Many human anatomy courses are taught using cat dissection. Alternatives are available, but information regarding learning outcomes is incomplete. In 2003, approximately 120 undergraduates enrolled in a human anatomy course were assigned to one of two treatment groups. In the control group, students performed cat diss...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00033.2004

    authors: Waters JR,Van Meter P,Perrotti W,Drogo S,Cyr RJ

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • A primer on tissue pH and local anesthetic potency.

    abstract::The relationship between pH, pKa, and degree of local anesthetic ionization is quantified by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As presented in standard textbooks, the effect of pH on the degree of ionization of any particular local anesthetic is not immediately clear due to the x-axis displaying pH - pKa, which requ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00018.2020

    authors: Pope RLE,Brown AM

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Women in (neuro)science: report of a meeting held at the University of Valencia, Spain, in February 2018.

    abstract::February 11th is the International Day of Women and Girls in Science. To mark this day, research centers and universities were invited by the Spanish Neuroscience Association to organize a symposium. Twenty-five centers in Spain participated in the event, with the intent of giving visibility to the existing problem of...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00113.2018

    authors: Mello-Carpes PB,Lloret A

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of readiness assurance process and faculty feedback on individual application exercises: a model for continuous assessment in physiology.

    abstract::This study is aimed at the implementation of a continuous assessment model in physiology for a large-enrollment classroom with 250 students. The readiness assurance process (RAP) and immediate feedback elements from team-based learning (TBL) methodology were adopted to test their ability to guide students to solve app...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00065.2020

    authors: Nayak KR,Punja D,Suryavanshi C

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • The Physiology undergraduate major in the University of Arizona College of Medicine: past, present, and future.

    abstract::The American Physiological Society (APS) and APS Council encourage the teaching of physiology at the undergraduate, graduate, and medical school levels to support the continued prominence of this area of science. One area identified by the APS Council that is of particular importance for the development of future phys...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00089.2010

    authors: Henriksen EJ,Atwater AE,Delamere NA,Dantzler WH

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Conceptual assessment in the biological sciences: a National Science Foundation-sponsored workshop.

    abstract::Twenty-one biology teachers from a variety of disciplines (genetics, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, etc.) met at the University of Colorado to begin discussions about approaches to assessing students' conceptual understanding of biology. We considered what is meant by a "concept" in biology, what the important bio...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1152/advan.00047.2007

    authors: Michael J

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00