Abstract:
:Olefin chemistry, through pericyclic reactions, polymerizations, oxidations, or reductions, has an essential role in the manipulation of organic matter. Despite its importance, olefin synthesis still relies largely on chemistry introduced more than three decades ago, with metathesis being the most recent addition. Here we describe a simple method of accessing olefins with any substitution pattern or geometry from one of the most ubiquitous and variegated building blocks of chemistry: alkyl carboxylic acids. The activating principles used in amide-bond synthesis can therefore be used, with nickel- or iron-based catalysis, to extract carbon dioxide from a carboxylic acid and economically replace it with an organozinc-derived olefin on a molar scale. We prepare more than 60 olefins across a range of substrate classes, and the ability to simplify retrosynthetic analysis is exemplified with the preparation of 16 different natural products across 10 different families.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Edwards JT,Merchant RR,McClymont KS,Knouse KW,Qin T,Malins LR,Vokits B,Shaw SA,Bao DH,Wei FL,Zhou T,Eastgate MD,Baran PSdoi
10.1038/nature22307subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-11 00:00:00pages
213-218issue
7653eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature22307journal_volume
545pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is produced in significant quantities by aerobic marine organisms. These bacteria apparently catalyse the formation of methane through the cleavage of the highly unreactive carbon-phosphorus bond in methyl phosphonate (MPn), but the biological or terrestrial source of this compo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12061
更新日期:2013-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The recent decades-long decline in East African rainfall suggests that multidecadal variability is an important component of the climate of this vulnerable region. Prior work based on analysing the instrumental record implicates both Indian and Pacific ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as possible drivers of East ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11785
更新日期:2013-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Mineralocorticoid secretion is predominantly controlled by the octapeptide angiotensin II, which exerts trophic actions on the adrenal glomerulosa and acute regulatory effects on aldosterone biosynthesis. The trophic actions include stimulation of angiotensin II receptors and enzymes of the aldosterone biosynthetic pa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/289507a0
更新日期:1981-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The interplay between magnetic fields and interacting particles can lead to exotic phases of matter that exhibit topological order and high degrees of spatial entanglement. Although these phases were discovered in a solid-state setting, recent innovations in systems of ultracold neutral atoms-uncharged atoms that do n...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature22811
更新日期:2017-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of messenger RNA translation is central to eukaryotic gene expression control. Regulatory inputs are specified by them RNA untranslated regions (UTRs) and often target translation initiation. Initiation involves binding of the 40S ribosomal small subunit (SSU) and associated eukaryotic initiation factors (e...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature18647
更新日期:2016-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::Haematopoietic stem cells drive blood production, but their population size and lifetime dynamics have not been quantified directly in humans. Here we identified 129,582 spontaneous, genome-wide somatic mutations in 140 single-cell-derived haematopoietic stem and progenitor colonies from a healthy 59-year-old man and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0497-0
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11209
更新日期:2012-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::The RNA polymerase II large subunit contains an essential carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) believed to be involved in the response to regulators during transcription initiation. The CTD is phosphorylated on a portion of RNA polymerase II molecules in vivo and it can be phosphorylated by the general transcription factor T...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/374280a0
更新日期:1995-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, enlargement of the heart during embryonic development is primarily dependent on the increase in cardiomyocyte numbers. Shortly after birth, however, cardiomyocytes stop proliferating and further growth of the myocardium occurs through hypertrophic enlargement of the existing myocytes. As a consequence of t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11739
更新日期:2012-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Globular star clusters that formed at the same cosmic time may have evolved rather differently from the dynamical point of view (because that evolution depends on the internal environment) through a variety of processes that tend progressively to segregate stars more massive than the average towards the cluster centre...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11686
更新日期:2012-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that developing nerve fibres grow directly to their targets and are guided by specific cues, but the nature of these cues and the mechanism of guidance remain unknown. The growth of sympathetic axons towards an artificial source of nerve growth factor (NGF) in vivo and of sensory neurites up ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/306786a0
更新日期:1983-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::The highly conserved protein gamma-tubulin is required for microtubule nucleation in vivo. When viewed in the electron microscope, a highly purified gamma-tubulin complex from Xenopus consisting of at least seven different proteins is seen to have an open ring structure. This complex acts as an active microtubule-nucl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/378578a0
更新日期:1995-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::The Colorado plateau is a large, tectonically intact, physiographic province in the southwestern North American Cordillera that stands at ∼1,800-2,000 m elevation and has long been thought to be in isostatic equilibrium. The origin of these high elevations is unclear because unlike the surrounding provinces, which hav...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10001
更新日期:2011-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Genes and mechanisms involved in common complex diseases, such as the autoimmune disorders that affect approximately 5% of the population, remain obscure. Here we identify polymorphisms of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene (CTLA4)--which encodes a vital negative regulatory molecule of the immune system--as can...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01621
更新日期:2003-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Small synthetic molecules called growth-hormone secretagogues (GHSs) stimulate the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary. They act through GHS-R, a G-protein-coupled receptor for which the ligand is unknown. Recent cloning of GHS-R strongly suggests that an endogenous ligand for the receptor does exist and...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/45230
更新日期:1999-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::A re-analysis of published data on mouse mutation rates induced by X and gamma rays suggests that the kinetics of induction can be analysed by fitting the data to a parabolic curve. We interpret this to mean that a substantial proportion of the induced mutations results from gross chromosomal changes such as deletions...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/264715a0
更新日期:1976-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Mov13 mice carry a single Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M-MuLV) proviral copy in the first intron of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene. Virus insertion interferes with the synthesis of stable alpha 1(I) collagen messenger RNA and causes a recessive lethal mutation. The virus insertion has induced changes of the methylati...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/320365a0
更新日期:1986-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) are a major class of excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system. They form glutamate-gated ion channels that are highly permeable to calcium and mediate activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. NMDAR dysfunction is implicated in multiple brain diso...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07993
更新日期:2009-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular oncogene c-Ki-ras is amplified 30- to 60-fold in cells of the mouse adrenocortical tumour Y1. The amplified oncogene is located in double minute chromosomes and in a homogeneously staining chromosomal region, common karyotypical anomalies of tumour cells. The amounts of c-Ki-ras specific mRNA and of the p...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/303497a0
更新日期:1983-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Rab GTPases regulate all stages of membrane trafficking, including vesicle budding, cargo sorting, transport, tethering and fusion. In the inactive (GDP-bound) conformation, accessory factors facilitate the targeting of Rab GTPases to intracellular compartments. After nucleotide exchange to the active (GTP-bound) conf...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03798
更新日期:2005-07-21 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00393-6
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals, but their repeat-rich nature has hampered sequencing and associated evolutionary studies. Here we trace Y evolution across 15 representative mammals on the basis of high-throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing. We uncover three independent sex chromosome orig...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13151
更新日期:2014-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07692-4
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor transduces the binding of glutamate and glycine, coupling it to the opening of a calcium-permeable ion channel 1 . Owing to the lack of high-resolution structural studies of the NMDA receptor, the mechanism by which ion-channel blockers occlude ion permeation is not well unders...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0039-9
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generation of a diverse and self-tolerant T-cell repertoire requires appropriate interpretation of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signals by CD4(+ ) CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes. Thymocyte cell fate is dictated by the nature of TCR-major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC)-peptide interactions, with signals of higher...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09848
更新日期:2011-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::When a portrait is coarsely quantized into blocks, the block structure hides the face, although lower spatial frequencies of the original image sufficient by themselves for recognition are preserved. Recognition can be recovered by blurring the image, or otherwise attenuating the spurious higher spatial frequency comp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/305226a0
更新日期:1983-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative splicing of eukaryotic messenger RNA precursors is now known to be of widespread importance in generating multiple transcripts from a single gene. This phenomenon has emphasized the problem of the way in which splice sites are selected; recent studies have discussed the role of secondary structure or affin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/324280a0
更新日期:1986-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid)-subtype ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission throughout the central nervous system. Gated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, AMPA receptors are critical for synaptic strength, and dysregulation of AMPA receptor-mediated si...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature23479
更新日期:2017-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::During cell division, remodelling of the nuclear envelope enables chromosome segregation by the mitotic spindle1. The reformation of sealed nuclei requires ESCRTs (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) and LEM2, a transmembrane ESCRT adaptor2-4. Here we show how the ability of LEM2 to condense on microtu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2232-x
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extinction rate of populations is predicted to rise under increasing rates of environmental change. If a population experiencing increasingly stressful conditions lacks appropriate phenotypic plasticity or access to more suitable habitats, then genetic change may be the only way to avoid extinction. Evolutionary r...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11879
更新日期:2013-02-28 00:00:00