Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:The broad use of immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment paradigms of many solid tumors. Although chemotherapy remains the treatment backbone for advanced gastric cancer, improvements in its molecular characterization and progresses in understanding its underpinning biology have supported clinical development of novel immunotherapies. However, the results of recent trials testing these new agents raise the question on how to identify the patients that could greatly benefit. Areas covered: This article summarizes the current understanding on the biology and the mechanisms underlying different clinical features of gastric cancers. Particularly, after a comprehensive literature search, we speculate whether specific molecular subsets of patients could derive more benefit from immunotherapy. Expert commentary: Most cancers may evade the immune response, which is normally regulated by a delicate balance between activating and inhibitory signals. For example, both CTLA-4 and PD-1, once linked to PD-L1/2, may inhibit T-cell signaling. The use of agent to harness the power of the immune system appears to be the ultimate frontier in gastric cancer treatment. While anti-CTLA-4 antibodies are minimally active, there is growing evidence for the efficacy of PD1/-L1 inhibitors. The search of predictive factors for immunotherapy will provide key hints towards the optimal use of these agents.
journal_name
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
Expert review of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Bonotto M,Garattini SK,Basile D,Ongaro E,Fanotto V,Cattaneo M,Cortiula F,Iacono D,Cardellino GG,Pella N,Fasola G,Antonuzzo L,Silvestris N,Aprile Gdoi
10.1080/17512433.2017.1313113subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-01 00:00:00pages
609-619issue
6eissn
1751-2433issn
1751-2441journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Oncology is one of the areas of medicine with the most active research being conducted on new drugs. New pharmacological entities frequently enter the clinical arena, and therefore, the safety profile of anticancer products deserves continuous monitoring. However, only very severe and (unusual) suspected adverse drug ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17512433.2015.974555
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: The development of immunotherapies and targeted therapies has changed the treatment approach in resectable, nonresectable, and metastatic melanoma. Because of their different pharmacological profiles, immunotherapies and/or targeted therapies have been studied in various combinations.Areas covered: We re...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17512433.2019.1650641
更新日期:2020-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation plays a critical role in host defense, maintaining cellular and tissue integrity following chemical, physical and biological insults. Inflammation presents in a variety of acute and chronic disease states and can contribute to disease resolution or progression depending upon the type, magnitude and durati...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ecp.11.66
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The RESORT trial showed no longer relapse free survival (RFS) with sorafenib following radical metastasectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We present the updated 42-month follow-up data. Methods: The phase II RESORT trial randomized patients to sorafenib or observation within 12 weeks from surgery. ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17512433.2021.1879639
更新日期:2021-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last two decades, research developments have revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis and of the contribution of several cytokines in the manifestation of the disease. The key role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been extensively studied and its therapeutic action, initi...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ecp.11.28
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 and its interferon(IFN)γ-dependent chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11) are implicated in the immune-pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves disease (GD) and Graves Ophthalmopathy (GO). In tissue, recruited Th1 lymphocytes produce IFNγ, enhancing the tissue secretion of IFNγ-...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17512433.2016.1157468
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2I) are recently approved class of anti-hyperglycaemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SGLT-2I inhibits renal glucose reabsorption, thereby ensuing urinary glucose excretion in a dose-dependent manner. This caloric loss and osmotic diuresis,...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17512433.2016.1131121
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A new five-year low dose, smaller-framed, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive system (LNG-IUS 12) has been introduced to complement the currently available systems. Areas Covered: This article will provide an overview of this new intrauterine system - its composition and its mechanisms of a...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2017.1341308
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis as well as symmetric and destructive arthropathy. Although several disease modified antirheumatic-drugs (DMARDs) have widely used in clinical practice, certain patients are nonresponsive to or cannot take suc...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2019.1615443
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Joint hypermobility (JH) is the hallmark of many hereditary soft connective tissue disorders, including Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and related disorders, disorders of the TGFβ-pathway, lateral meningocele syndrome, arterial tortuosity syndrome, and cutis laxa syndromes. Contemporary practice separates individ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1497973
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has changed dramatically over the last decade. It has evolved from primarily destructive therapies (laser-based treatment strategies) to nondestructive therapies (intravitreal pharmacotherapies that target angiogenesis). Intermittent intravitreal ranibizumab, an inhi...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/ecp.10.6
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methotrexate is an antifolate agent used in the treatment of various cancers and some autoimmune diseases. In oncology, methotrexate is frequently administered at a high dose (>1 g/m(2)) and comes with various procedures to reduce the occurrence of toxicity and particularly to ensure optimal renal elimination. Drug-dr...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ecp.11.57
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone metastases are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical sequelae. Pain, reduced mobility, skeletal complications and treatment-related events reduce quality of life. Numerous randomized controlled trials have evaluated pharmacological interventions to treat bone metastases. The primary outcomes used have evol...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ecp.12.21
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a major mental illness with a lifetime prevalence of about 1%. Antipsychotic drugs, with a primary mechanism of action that involves dopamine receptor blockade, are the mainstay in the treatment of the disorder. However, despite optimum antipsychotic treatment, few patients return to pre-morbid levels...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1586/17512433.2016.1095086
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: In September of 2018, the United States Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved cemiplimab-rwlc (Libtayo) for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Cemiplimab is an intravenous human monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1). Cemiplimab blocks T-cell ina...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2019.1665026
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this article was to assess the efficacy and safety of apremilast in treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with meta-analysis method. We included four randomized clinical trials identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, "ISRCTN Register" and "ClinicalTrials.gov" which compared apremilast with place...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1586/17512433.2016.1159130
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatologic condition that can often be disfiguring with significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. Sanrosa (brimonidine tartate) is a novel therapeutic agent targeting the facial flushing and erythema of rosacea through its α₂ adrenergic receptor agonist activity. The...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17512433.2014.945910
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen (APAP)/paracetamol is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter drugs taken worldwide for treatment of pain and fever. Although considered as safe when taken in recommended doses not higher than 4 g/day, APAP overdose is currently the most important cause of acute liver failure (ALF). ALF may requir...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17512433.2014.944502
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) were introduced to improve treatment adherence and tolerability of oral formulations. After risperidone was introduced as the first long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotic, during the last five years olanzapine pamoate, once-monthly paliperidone ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2016.1191945
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is an unmet medical need for effective bronchodilator treatments that not only have a fast onset of action, but also a long duration of action and are delivered using a simple, easy-to-use device. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists such as glycop...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17512433.2013.828419
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anti-tumor activity of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) has been well established in numerous animal models and confirmed in a number of early clinical trials. While the use of chemical modifications has effectively reduced the sensitivity of ODNs to nuclease degradation and a number of human trials hav...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/17512433.2.2.181
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: The placenta is a temporary and unique organ that allows for the physical connection between a mother and fetus; this organ regulates the transport of gases and nutrients mediating the elimination of waste products contained in the fetal circulation. The placenta performs metabolic and excretion function...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2020.1733412
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and is becoming a global health concern. Despite a well-established understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in its pathogenesis, and millions of dollars of investment in drug discovery and clinical trials, no single molecule has yet been approved for i...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17512433.2013.811237
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Induction chemotherapy based on anthracyclines and cytarabine (Ara-C) combination remains the standard of care for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who are considered candidate for intensive and curative approaches. However, the toxicity of this regimen is high, with disappointing clinical outcomes am...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17512433.2019.1573668
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Betalactams are the most widely used drugs against infections and the primary cause of antibiotic hypersensitivity reactions. Reaction patterns for different betalactams have been changing in accordance with consumption trends, and vary among countries. As a consequence, in vivo and in vitro tests have had...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2017.1313110
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The need to develop new drugs for the control of pathogenic microorganisms has redoubled efforts to prospect for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from natural sources and to characterize its structure and function. These molecules present a broad spectrum of action against different microorganisms and frequen...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2020.1764347
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In pediatric pharmacotherapy, many drugs are still used off-label, and their efficacy and safety is not well characterized. Different efficacy and safety profiles in children of varying ages may be anticipated, due to developmental changes occurring across pediatric life. AREAS COVERED:Beside pharmacokine...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2016.1198256
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gout is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden, painful inflammation. Gout can affect any joint in an asymmetric distribution. Gouty attacks may be isolated or can be followed by years of recurrent flares. Over time, elevated serum urate levels and tophaceous deposits can lead to deformity and disability fr...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/ecp.12.48
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcineurin inhibitors are widely used as maintenance immunosuppressants in solid-organ transplantation to minimize the risk of allograft rejection. Although the use of these agents has transformed the outcomes for patient and graft survival, this has come at a cost, notably the well-known adverse events of nephrotoxi...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ecp.12.49
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a monoclonal antibody targeting CD33 linked to a cytotoxic derivative of calicheamicin. Despite the known clinical efficacy in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), GO was withdrawn from the market in 2010 due to increased e...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1478725
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00