Hepatitis E and pregnancy: current state.

abstract：:HIV-1 and HIV-2 share many similarities including their basic gene arrangement, modes of transmission, intracellular replication pathways and clinical consequences: both result in AIDS. However, HIV-2 is characterised by lower transmissibility and reduced likelihood of progression to AIDS. The underlying mechanistic d...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Nyamweya S,Hegedus A,Jaye A,Rowland-Jones S,Flanagan KL,Macallan DC

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is among the most common human pathogens worldwide. Its entry into host cells is an intricate process that relies heavily on the ability of the viral glycoproteins to bind host cellular proteins and to efficiently mediate fusion of the virus envelope with the cell membrane. Acquisit...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Antoine TE,Park PJ,Shukla D

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Failure of antiretroviral therapy to eradicate HIV, even in individuals who suppress the virus to undetectable levels, is a consequence of persistent infection in latently infected cells and within anatomical reservoirs. Support for the notion that the lungs are distinct anatomical reservoirs of HIV comes from a spect...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Costiniuk CT,Jenabian MA

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide sequences from a total of 421 HEV isolates were retrieved from Genbank and analysed. Phylogenetically, HEV was classified into four major genotypes. Genotype 1 was more conserved and classified into five subtypes. The number of genotype 2 sequences was limited but can be classified into two subtypes. Genoty...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Lu L,Li C,Hagedorn CH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although epidemiological and molecular epidemiological (serotype, genotype, and lineage information) data are available for several major cities in Indonesia, there is yet to be a comprehensive national study of dengue in Indonesia over time. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive epidemiology of circulat...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Harapan H,Michie A,Yohan B,Shu PY,Mudatsir M,Sasmono RT,Imrie A

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immense difficulty in primary control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection by adaptive immune responses has been a topic of exceptional importance. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) do play a central role in primary resolution of viremia, but their potency in vi...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Yamamoto H,Matano T

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever, establish chronic infections in rodents, leading to incidental transmission to humans. Lassa fever is a clinically severe disease, yet the absence of second attacks implies life-long immunity. The aim of this review is to consider whether such immunity could be provided by vaccines. ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fisher-Hoch SP,McCormick JB

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:BK polyomavirus (BKPyV or BKV) is a non-enveloped, circular double-stranded DNA virus that may exceed 80% seroprevalence in adults. BKV infection typically occurs during childhood, and the majority of adults are latently infected. While BKV infection is rarely associated with clinical disease in most individuals, in i...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Blackard JT,Davies SM,Laskin BL

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite broad variability in study populations, methodologies for CMV detection, and analytic methods used, multiple studies have documented frequent CMV infection in non-immunocompromised adults with critical illness due to a variety of causes. Higher rates of CMV infection in studies of seropositive patients suggest...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Limaye AP,Boeckh M

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the facultative blood-borne hepatitis E virus, are considered a major public health problem given that they are accountable for millions of deaths each year. Treatment options, including effective vaccine design, devel...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Pfaender S,von Hahn T,Steinmann J,Ciesek S,Steinmann E

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus with a 7.2 kb genome that is capped and polyadenylated. The virus is currently unclassified: the organisation of the genome resembles that of the Caliciviridae but sequence analyses suggest it is more closely related to the Togaviridae. Hepatitis E virus is an e...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Emerson SU,Purcell RH

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of antiviral compounds were examined for their activity against human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), type 7 (HHV-7) and type 8 (HHV-8). They were selected either because they are already approved for clinical use in the treatment of herpesvirus infections (acyclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, ganci...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： De Clercq E,Naesens L,De Bolle L,Schols D,Zhang Y,Neyts J

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of advanced cell culture and cytogenetics techniques in the 1950s opened a new avenue for research on the pathogenic interactions between animal viruses and their hosts. Studies of many viruses revealed their ability to nonspecifically induce cytogenetic damage to their host cell's chromosomes. However, onl...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fortunato EA,Spector DH

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tat (transactivator of transcription) regulates transcription from the HIV provirus. It plays a crucial role in disease progression, supporting efficient replication of the viral genome. Tat also modulates many functions in the host genome via its interaction with chromatin and proteins. Many of the functions of Tat a...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Kurnaeva MA,Sheval EV,Musinova YR,Vassetzky YS

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternofetal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital malformation in developed countries. Maternal infection often results from close contact with infected children, and this may occur in day care centres (DCCs). A systematic review of observational studies was conducted...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Zheng QY,Huynh KT,van Zuylen WJ,Craig ME,Rawlinson WD

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are currently available for treatment of HIV-1 as part of combination antiretroviral therapy. Oral dosing is administered three times daily for delavirdine (DLV), twice daily for nevirapine (NVP), and once daily for efavirenz (EFV). Rash is a common side e...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Harris M,Montaner JS

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent isolation of West Nile virus from a bird in mid-winter in New York immediately raised, as one of a few explanations, the possibility of long-term persistence of arboviruses in vertebrate hosts. Although it was a highly popular topic for research many years ago, generally it has since been neglected and its ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Kuno G

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serine/threonine kinase expressed by human cytomegalovirus from gene UL97 phosphorylates the antiviral drug ganciclovir, but its biological function is the phosphorylation of its natural viral and cellular protein substrates which affect viral replication at many levels. The UL97 kinase null phenotype is therefore...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Prichard MN

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human herpesvirus 7, reported in 1990 is a lymphotropic member of the betaherpesvirus subfamily of herpesviruses. The virus is highly seroprevalent, primary infection usually occurs during childhood, and it has been associated with cases of exanthem subitum, pityriasis rosea, neurological manifestations and transplant...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Black JB,Pellett PE

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasion of infectious agents through mucosal surfaces can be prevented by use of the common mucosal immune system (CMIS), which interconnects inductive tissues, including Peyer's patches (PPs) and nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue (NALT), and effector tissues of the intestinal and respiratory tracts. I...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Yuki Y,Kiyono H

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral binding and entry into host cells for various viruses have been studied extensively, yielding a detailed understanding of the overall viral entry process. As cell entry is an essential and requisite process by which a virus initiates infection, it is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The advanta...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Kumar PKR

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Of all the nutrients, vitamin A has been the most extensively evaluated for its impact on immunity. There are three main forms of vitamin A, retinol, retinal and retinoic acid (RA) with the latter being most biologically active and all-trans-RA (ATRA) its main derivative. Vitamin A is a key regulator of the functions ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Midha IK,Kumar N,Kumar A,Madan T

更新日期：2020-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue disease encompasses various clinical manifestations including dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). In this article, we aimed to systematically review and analyze the association between different blood groups and severity of dengue. We searched nine databases for eligible papers reporting preva...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hashan MR,Ghozy S,El-Qushayri AE,Pial RH,Hossain MA,Al Kibria GM

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) public health emergency has caused enormous loss around the world. This pandemic is a concrete example of the existing gap between availability of advanced diagnostics and current need for cost-effective methodology. The advent of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Chaouch M

更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistan...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Rehman S,Ali Z,Khan M,Bostan N,Naseem S

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The collection of nasopharyngeal swabs to test for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an invasive technique with implications for patients and clinicians. Alternative clinical specimens from the upper respiratory tract may offer benefits in terms of collection, comfort and ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Comber L,Walsh KA,Jordan K,O'Brien KK,Clyne B,Teljeur C,Drummond L,Carty PG,De Gascun CF,Smith SM,Harrington P,Ryan M,O'Neill M

更新日期：2020-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the Herpesviridae family of viruses are classified into the alpha, beta and gamma subfamilies. The alpha subfamily is estimated to have diverged from the beta and gamma subfamilies 200-220 million years ago. The ancestors of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), two ubiquitous...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Mori I,Nishiyama Y

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type B coxsackieviruses (CV-B) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological diseases notably meningitis and encephalitis. These infections occur principally among newborns and children. Epidemiological studies of patients with nervous system disorders demonstrate the presence of infectious v...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Jmii H,Fisson S,Aouni M,Jaidane H

更新日期：2020-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Adjuvants historically are considered to stimulate immune responses 'non-specifically'. Recently, a renewed understanding of the critical role of innate immunity in influencing the development of an adaptive immune response has led researchers to a better understanding of 'the adjuvant effect'. Although innate immune ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fairweather D,Frisancho-Kiss S,Rose NR

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing appreciation that the regulation of the melatonergic pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive the cellular changes that underpin their control of cellular function. We review the melatonergic pathway role in viral infections, emphasizing influenza and covid...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Anderson G,Reiter RJ

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00