Abstract:
:The modern military battlefields are characterized by the use of nonconventional weapons such as encountered in the conflicts of the Gulf War I and Gulf War II. Recent warfare in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Balkans has introduced radioactive weapons to the modern war zone scenarios. This presents the military medicine with a new area of radioactive warfare with the potential large scale contamination of military and civilian targets with the variety of radioactive isotopes further enhanced by the clandestine use of radioactive materials in the terrorist radioactive warfare. Radioactive dispersal devices (RDDs), including the "dirty bomb," involve the use of organotropic radioisotopes such as iodine 131, cesium 137, strontium 90, and transuranic elements. Some of the current studies of RDDs involve large-scale medical effects, social and economic disruption of the society, logistics of casualty management, cleanup, and transportation preparedness, still insufficiently addressed by the environmental and mass casualty medicine. The consequences of a dirty bomb, particularly in the terrorist use in urban areas, are a subject of international studies of multiple agencies involved in the management of disaster medicine. The long-term somatic and genetic impact of some from among over 400 radioisotopes released in the nuclear fission include somatic and transgenerational genetic effects with the potential challenges of the genomic stability of the biosphere. The global contamination is additionally heightened by the presence of transuranic elements in the modern warzone, including depleted uranium recently found to contain plutonium 239, possibly the most dangerous substance known to man with one pound of plutonium capable of causing 8 billion cancers. The planning for the consequences of radioactive dirty bomb are being currently studied in reference to the alkaline earths, osteotropic, and stem cell hazards of internally deposited radioactive isotopes, in particular uranium and transuranic elements. The spread of radioactive materials in the area of the impact would expose both military and civilian personnel to the blast and dust with both inhalational, somatic, and gastrointestinal exposure, in the aftermath of the deployment of RDDs. The quantities of radioactive materials have proliferated from the original quantity of plutonium first isolated in 1941 from 0.5 mg to the current tens of thousands of kilograms in the strategic nuclear arsenal with the obvious potential consequences to the biosphere and mankind. In an event of RDD employment, the immediate goal of disaster and mass casualty medicine would be a synchronized effort to contain the scope of the event, followed by cleanup and treatment procedures. A pragmatic approach to this problem is not always possible because of unpredictability of the terrorist-use scenarios.
journal_name
Mil Medjournal_title
Military medicineauthors
Durakovic Adoi
10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00256subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-03-01 00:00:00pages
e1591-e1595issue
3eissn
0026-4075issn
1930-613Xjournal_volume
182pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study investigates the effects of long-term passive heat exposure and a 16-week basic military training program on heat acclimatization. Thirty recruits were tested on the zero (T1), 2nd (T2), 6th (T3), and 16th (T4) weeks of the basic military training program. The trials involved 1 hour of marching on a treadmi...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction causing oral stomatitis, presumed to be the result of common dental adhesives. The case was diagnosed using patch testing to the dental adhesives that were used in the patient. Both of the adhesives tested contained a form of acrylate that is being seen more freq...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00232
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elderly military beneficiary is a valued, high-risk, high-cost, and complex individual with unique medical needs. Attention to common geriatric syndromes (such as incontinence) and quality end-of-life care is critical in this population. Care of older adults is part of every adult medical and surgical specialty an...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7205/milmed-d-09-00067
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the attitudes of 176 Israel Defense Forces officers toward combat stress reaction (CSR) in four areas: (1) the degree of personal responsibility the officer accepts for the treatment of the CSR casualty; (2) the type of treatment the officer views as most effective for CSR; (3) the officer's willin...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:It is important to monitor the use of optometric services by Veterans and consider the implications for other optometric and vision rehabilitation services. We did not find public health reports documenting the recent utilization of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) optometric eye exam services. METHOD...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usx192
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the goals of the 1999 International Conference on Low-Level Radiation Injury and Medical Countermeasures was to review current and anticipated capabilities for measuring the quantity and quality of radiation exposures using personal dosimetry systems, fieldable spectroscopy equipment, and modeling strategies. T...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare responses of practicing military and civilian primary care physicians to a series of standardized inhalational anthrax cases. METHODS:A series of three randomly selected case vignettes adapted from the 2001 anthrax attack along the East Coast of the United States were mailed to a convenience sampl...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/milmed-d-10-00057
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a noncardiogenic form of acute pulmonary edema infrequently described in the general military literature. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Treatment is supportive. Knowledge of SIPE is important for the military physician and should remain a top differential for any ...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa118
更新日期:2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this article was to give a brief synopsis of the background and history of forensic nursing and how it can be translated into a military application. The unique setting of military health care and equally distinctive stressors placed upon members of the military calls for greater commitment by the Depar...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/milmed.173.1.42
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study of 10 patients presents the early results of a protocol of debridement, antibiotic bead placement, and use of the Ilizarov method with a circular external fixator for treatment of infected nonunions of the tibia in a military population. The nonunions resulted from high-energy fractures in nine cases and an...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/milmed.169.9.728
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The role of testosterone in health and quality of life has become increasingly visible and overtly marketed to the public. Some evidence suggests that testosterone levels in men may be low because of a variety of reasons, including stress and environmental exposures. OBJECTIVE:This study examines trends i...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00496
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diphyllobothrium, also known as the "Broad Tapeworm" or "Fish Tapeworm," is a genus of Cestoda acquired through the consumption of undercooked fish. Although infection by a Diphyllobothrium spp. in the United States is rare, it remains an important global zoonosis, with an estimated burden of approximately 20 million ...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usz462
更新日期:2020-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::To compare the effects of a pedometer-based behavioral intervention (Fitness for Life [FFL] program) and a traditional high-intensity fitness (TRAD) program on physical activity (PA), Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), and coronary heart disease risk factors in Army National Guard members who failed the APFT 2-mile ru...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7205/milmed-d-10-00256
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We explore disparities in awarding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) service-connected disability benefits (SCDB) to veterans based on gender, race/ethnicity, and misconduct separation. METHODS:Department of Defense data on service members who separated from October 1, 2001 to May 2017 were linked to ...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usz208
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::BK virus nephropathy and cellular rejection are common causes of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. The two can be difficult to distinguish on allograft biopsy and can be present simultaneously. Management of the patient with coexistent BK infection and rejection is complicated by the conflicting id...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00489
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of more effective medical simulators requires a collaborative team effort where three kinds of expertise are carefully coordinated: (1) exceptional medical expertise focused on providing complete and accurate information about the medical challenges (i.e., critical skills and knowledge) to be simulated...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00265
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. The Center for Disease Control Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recognized the potential benefits of immunizing young men beginning at age 11 or 12 years and continuing through ...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usz403
更新日期:2020-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Spouse abuse is a major social issue in our country. Based on national samples, between 10 and 20% of couples report some type of violence during the course of their marriage. In the United States, 1.8 million women are physically abused by their spouses each year. Within the military, it is estimated that the inciden...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Emergency department (ED) utilization represents an expensive and growing means of accessing care for a variety of conditions. Prior studies have characterized ED utilization in the general population. We aim to identify the clinical conditions that drive ED utilization in a universally insured population ...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa547
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The Assessment of Military Multitasking Performance (AMMP1) consists of six dual-task and multitask military-relevant performance-based assessments which were developed to provide assistance in making return-to-duty decisions after concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI.) The Run-Roll-Aim (RRA) ta...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usy425
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Interventions that encourage good nutrition-related behaviors in the dining environment can potentially influence the health of large numbers of military personnel. Thus, the Army has studied the effectiveness of implementing nutrition education and dining facility (DFAC) changes that included healthier re...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa522
更新日期:2020-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Nearly 10% of all combat injuries during the most recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan involve thoracic trauma. The long-term outcomes of these combat-related injuries with respect to lung function have not been fully evaluated. Limited research in civilian polytrauma patients have shown significant ob...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa165
更新日期:2020-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Aeromedical (AM) evacuation of trauma victims from action is an integral part of trauma care. The Israeli Air Force Rescue and Evacuation Unit is responsible for nearly all AM evacuations in Israel. We present three recent cases, within 1 year of operation, of engagement process failure during evacuations performed by...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/milmed.173.10.1004
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological and cognitive performance of acclimatized soldiers undertaking routine patrol and reconnaissance activities in the tropics was investigated. Data were obtained during a patrol and a reconnaissance exercise followed by a short assault. Ambient conditions were characterized by temperatures of 30 to 33 ...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore the relationship between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes and neuropsychological functioning among U.S. soldiers. METHODS:Deploying soldiers (N = 260) completed the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Cognitive tests, a deployment ...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/milmed-d-11-00340
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Very little data are available to commanders regarding gynecological problems encountered by a large female population in a combat zone for extended periods of time. The 312th Evacuation Hospital supported Operation Desert Storm, treating over 12,000 patients. Of these, 577 were treated by the gynecological service. O...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study describes the sources of Air Force (AF) Family Advocacy Program referrals (N = 42,389) for child and spouse maltreatment between 2000 and 2004. Sources of referrals were stable over time, with military sources accounting for the majority of both child and spouse referrals. Most (85%) of spouse maltre...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/milmed.173.12.1203
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Problematic anger is a significant clinical issue in military personnel, and is further complicated by comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite increasing numbers of military personnel returning from deployment with anger and aggression difficulties, the treatment of problematic anger has recei...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/milmed/usx115
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many people are unaware of the science underlying the biophysical properties of Soldier clothing and personal protective equipment, yet there is a well-refined biomedical methodology initiated by Army physiologists in World War II. This involves a methodical progression of systematic material testing technol...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00156
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Presented is the first descriptive data on a large military Podiatry Clinic supporting largely combat troops. Data consist of initial podiatric problems of soldiers and other beneficiaries of podiatric care. Demographic, physician referral patterns, and other pertinent summarized survey information of outpatient utili...
journal_title:Military medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00