Abstract:
:The overall goal of this work was to measure the efficacy of fMRI for predicting whether a dog would be a successful service dog. The training and imaging were performed in 49 dogs entering service training at 17-21 months of age. 33 dogs completed service training and were matched with a person, while 10 were released for behavioral reasons (4 were selected as breeders and 2 were released for medical reasons.) After 2 months of training, fMRI responses were measured while each dog observed hand signals indicating either reward or no reward and given by both a familiar handler and a stranger. Using anatomically defined ROIs in the caudate, amygdala, and visual cortex, we developed a classifier based on the dogs' subsequent training outcomes. The classifier had a positive predictive value of 94% and a negative predictive value of 67%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.91 (0.80 with 4-fold cross-validation, P = 0.01), indicating a significant predictive capability. The magnitude of response in the caudate was positively correlated with a successful outcome, while the response in the amygdala depended on the interaction with the visual cortex during the stranger condition and was negatively correlated with outcome (higher being associated with failure). These results suggest that, as indexed by caudate activity, successful service dogs generalize associations to hand signals regardless who gives them but without excessive arousal as measured in the amygdala.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Berns GS,Brooks AM,Spivak M,Levy Kdoi
10.1038/srep43704subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-03-07 00:00:00pages
43704issn
2045-2322pii
srep43704journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In the three domains of life, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is primarily used in methyltransferase and isomerase reactions. The methyltransferase complex MtrA-H of methanogenic archaea has a key function in energy conservation by catalysing the methyl transfer from methyl-tetrahydromethanopterin to coenzyme M and its coupli...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep28226
更新日期:2016-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Non-compressible hemorrhage is the most common preventable cause of death on battlefield and in civilian traumatic injuries. We report the use of microsecond pulses of electric current to induce rapid constriction in femoral and mesenteric arteries and veins in rats. Electrically-induced vasoconstriction could be indu...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep02111
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In eukaryotes, RNA silencing, mediated by small interfering RNAs, is an evolutionarily widespread and versatile silencing mechanism that plays an important role in various biological processes. Increasing evidences suggest that various components of RNA silencing pathway are involved in plant defense machinery against...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07918-x
更新日期:2017-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress due to hypobaric hypoxia at extreme altitudes causes severe neuronal damage and irreversible cognitive loss. Owing to contraindications of current drug therapies, the aim of the study was to investigate memory enhancing potential of aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GLAQ) and underlying neuroprote...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65812-5
更新日期:2020-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of self-feedback autaptic transmission in modulating spike-time irregularity is still poorly understood. By using a biophysical model that incorporates autaptic coupling, we here show that self-innervation of neurons participates in the modulation of irregular neuronal firing, primarily by regulating th...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep26096
更新日期:2016-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate the application of whole exome sequencing to discover the rare variants for congenital pouch colon, acronymed CPC. For 18 affected individuals in a total of 64 samples, we sequenced coding regions to a mean coverage of 100×. A sufficient depth of ca. 94% of targeted exomes was achieved. Filtering agains...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24967-y
更新日期:2018-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Classification of histologic patterns in lung adenocarcinoma is critical for determining tumor grade and treatment for patients. However, this task is often challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of lung adenocarcinoma and the subjective criteria for evaluation. In this study, we propose a deep learning model tha...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40041-7
更新日期:2019-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::To what extent deep-time dispersal limitation shapes present-day biodiversity at broad spatial scales remains elusive. Here, we compiled a continental dataset on the distributions of African lizard species in the reptile subfamily Agaminae (a relatively young, Neogene radiation of agamid lizards which ancestors coloni...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep34014
更新日期:2016-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::The lack of a precisely-dated, unequivocal climate proxy from northern China, where precipitation variability is traditionally considered as an East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) indicator, impedes our understanding of the behaviour and dynamics of the EASM. Here we present a well-dated, pollen-based, ~20-yr-resolution ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep11186
更新日期:2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Reciprocity is frequently assumed to require complex cognitive abilities. Therefore, it has been argued that reciprocity may be restricted to animals that can meet these demands. Here, we provide evidence for the potential presence of direct reciprocity in teleost fishes. We demonstrate that in pairs of coral reef rab...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep14556
更新日期:2015-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Although early diagnosis and treatment reduce the risk of blindness from glaucoma, the decision on whether or not to begin treatment in patients with suspected glaucoma is often a dilemma because the majority of patients never develop definite glaucoma. A growing body of evidences suggests that posterior bowing of the...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17843-8
更新日期:2018-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroscience findings have recently received critique on the lack of replications. To examine the reproducibility of brain indices of speech sound discrimination and their role in dyslexia, a specific reading difficulty, brain event-related potentials using EEG were measured using the same cross-linguistic passive odd...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41992-7
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Plant litter represents a major basal resource in streams, where its decomposition is partly regulated by litter traits. Litter-trait variation may determine the latitudinal gradient in decomposition in streams, which is mainly microbial in the tropics and detritivore-mediated at high latitudes. However, this hypothes...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10640-3
更新日期:2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the fact that magnetic thrombolytic composites is an emerging area, all known so far systems are based on the similar mechanism of action: thrombolytic enzyme releases from the magnetic carrier leaving non-active matrix, thus making the whole system active only for a limited period of time. Such systems often ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep28119
更新日期:2016-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::A major unresolved question in understanding visually guided locomotion in humans is whether actions are driven solely by the immediately available optical information (model-free online control mechanisms), or whether internal models have a role in anticipating the future path. We designed two experiments to investig...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44723-0
更新日期:2019-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) worsens CF lung disease leading to early mortality. Loss of beta cell area, even without overt diabetes or pancreatitis is consistently observed. We investigated whether short-term CFTR inhibition was sufficient to impact islet morphology and function in otherwise healthy mice. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47745-w
更新日期:2019-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and its incidence is on a constant rise. Previous studies suggest that higher levels of plasma prolactin are associated with escalated risk of breast cancer, however, these results are contradictory and inconclusive. PubMed and Medline were used to search and identi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/srep25998
更新日期:2016-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::The fishery for Antarctic krill is currently managed using a precautionary, ecosystem-based approach to limiting catch, with performance indices from a long-term monitoring program focused on several krill-dependent predators that are used to track ecosystem health. Concerns over increased fishing in concentrated area...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75148-9
更新日期:2020-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Photodynamic therapy is attracting increasing attention, but how to increase its tumor-specificity remains a daunting challenge. Herein we report a theranostic probe (azo-PDT) that integrates pyropheophorbide α as a photosensitizer and a NIR fluorophore for tumor imaging. The two functionalities are linked with a hypo...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68847-w
更新日期:2020-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::The biliary tree is an essential component of transplantable human liver tissue. Despite recent advances in liver tissue engineering, attempts at re-creating the intrahepatic biliary tree have not progressed significantly. The finer branches of the biliary tree are structurally and functionally complex and heterogeneo...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30433-6
更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Among different therapeutic applications of Ultrasound (US), transient membrane sonoporation (SP) - a temporary, non-lethal porosity, mechanically induced in cell membranes through US exposure - represents a compelling opportunity towards an efficient and safe drug delivery. Nevertheless, progresses in this field have...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16708-4
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::When a dot moves horizontally across a set of tilted lines of alternating orientations, the dot appears to be moving up and down along its trajectory. This perceptual phenomenon, known as the slalom illusion, reveals a mismatch between the veridical motion signals and the subjective percept of the motion trajectory, w...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64837-0
更新日期:2020-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Protein ubiquitylation participates in a number of essential cellular processes including signal transduction and transcription, often by initiating the degradation of specific substrates through the 26S proteasome. Within the ubiquitin-proteasome system, deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) not only help generate and main...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53229-8
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::As an emerging sterilization technology, cold atmospheric plasma offers a dry, non-thermal, rapid process that is minimally damaging to a majority of substrates. However, the mechanisms by which plasma interacts with living cells are poorly understood and the plasma generation apparatuses are complex and resource-inte...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35166-0
更新日期:2018-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Heterostructures consisting of two-dimensional materials have shown new physical phenomena, novel electronic and optical properties, and new device concepts not observed in bulk material systems or purely three dimensional heterostructures. These new effects originated mostly from the van der Waals interaction between...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep14374
更新日期:2015-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Surface plasmon resonators can drastically redistribute incident light over different output wave vectors and polarizations. This can lead for instance to sub-diffraction sized nanoapertures in metal films that beam and to nanoparticle antennas that enable efficient conversion of photons between spatial modes, or heli...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep09966
更新日期:2015-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::An ongoing challenge in biomedical research is the search for simple, yet robust assays using 3D cell cultures for toxicity screening. This study addresses that challenge with a novel spheroid assay, wherein spheroids, formed by magnetic 3D bioprinting, contract immediately as cells rearrange and compact the spheroid ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep13987
更新日期:2015-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how animals respond to injury and how wounds heal remains a challenge. These questions can be addressed using genetically tractable animals, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Given its small size, the current methods for inflicting wounds in a controlled manner are demanding. To facilitate a...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60333-7
更新日期:2020-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) is a major causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks worldwide, yet the evolutionary and transmission dynamics of the virus remain unclear. To address this, we analyzed and compared the 3C and partial VP1 gene regions of CVA24v isolates obtained from five outbrea...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70436-w
更新日期:2020-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a promising cladding material for accident-tolerant fuel in light water reactors due to its excellent resistance to chemical attacks at high temperatures, which can prevent severe accident-induced environmental disasters. Although it has been known for decades that radiation-induced swelling a...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15037-w
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00