Abstract:
:Most evolutionary thinking is based on the notion of fitness and related ideas such as fitness landscapes and evolutionary optima. Nevertheless, it is often unclear what fitness actually is, and its meaning often depends on the context. Here we argue that fitness should not be a basal ingredient in verbal or mathematical descriptions of evolution. Instead, we propose that evolutionary birth-death processes, in which individuals give birth and die at ever-changing rates, should be the basis of evolutionary theory, because such processes capture the fundamental events that generate evolutionary dynamics. In evolutionary birth-death processes, fitness is at best a derived quantity, and owing to the potential complexity of such processes, there is no guarantee that there is a simple scalar, such as fitness, that would describe long-term evolutionary outcomes. We discuss how evolutionary birth-death processes can provide useful perspectives on a number of central issues in evolution.
journal_name
Elifejournal_title
eLifeauthors
Doebeli M,Ispolatov Y,Simon Bdoi
10.7554/eLife.23804subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-15 00:00:00issn
2050-084Xjournal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
eLife文献大全abstract::Selective autophagy is mediated by cargo receptors that link the cargo to the isolation membrane via interactions with Atg8 proteins. Atg8 proteins are localized to the membrane in an ubiquitin-like conjugation reaction, but how this conjugation is coupled to the presence of the cargo is unclear. Here we show that the...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.18544
更新日期:2016-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::One of the major unanswered questions in evolutionary biology is when and how the transition between diderm (two membranes) and monoderm (one membrane) cell envelopes occurred in Bacteria. The Negativicutes and the Halanaerobiales belong to the classically monoderm Firmicutes, but possess outer membranes with lipopoly...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.14589
更新日期:2016-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::The spinal cord has the capacity to coordinate motor activities such as locomotion. Following spinal transection, functional activity can be regained, to a degree, following motor training. To identify microcircuits involved in this recovery, we studied a population of mouse spinal interneurons known to receive direct...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.21715
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous brain regions have been shown to have neural correlates of gradually accumulating evidence for decision-making, but the causal roles of these regions in decisions driven by accumulation of evidence have yet to be determined. Here, in rats performing an auditory evidence accumulation task, we inactivated the f...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.05457
更新日期:2015-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma Membrane is the primary structure for adjusting to ever changing conditions. PM sub-compartmentalization in domains is thought to orchestrate signaling. Yet, mechanisms governing membrane organization are mostly uncharacterized. The plant-specific REMORINs are proteins regulating hormonal crosstalk and host inv...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.26404
更新日期:2017-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::K146N is a dominant mutation in human β-cardiac myosin heavy chain, which causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We examined how Drosophila muscle responds to this mutation and integratively analyzed the biochemical, physiological and mechanical foundations of the disease. ATPase assays, actin motility, and indirect flig...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.38064
更新日期:2018-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::The loss of previously adaptive traits is typically linked to relaxation in selection, yet the molecular steps leading to such repeated losses are rarely known. Molecular studies of loss have tended to focus on gene sequences alone, but overlooking other aspects of protein expression might underestimate phenotypic div...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.37412
更新日期:2018-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we found that in the mammalian retina, inhibitory inputs onto starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are required for robust direction selectivity of On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells (On-Off DSGCs) against noisy backgrounds (Chen et al., 2016). However, the source of the inhibitory inputs to SACs and how...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.62618
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model shows how the shape of early multicellular organisms may have helped cells evolve specialized roles. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.63328
更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) have diverse functions relevant to maintenance of homeostasis and adaptation to environmental challenges. Understanding the importance of tissue-specific GR function in physiology and behavior has been hampered by near-ubiquitous localization in brain and body. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 gen...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.44672
更新日期:2019-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals must predict future events to proactively guide their behavior. Predicting when events will occur is a critical component of these expectations. Temporal expectations are often generated based on individual cue-duration relationships. However, the durations associated with different environmental cues will...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.38790
更新日期:2018-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic analyses of 15 species of yeast have shed new light on the divergence of gene regulation during evolution, with significant changes occurring after an event in which a whole genome was duplicated. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.00933
更新日期:2013-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::As the demographics of the modern world skew older, understanding and mitigating the effects of aging is increasingly important within biomedical research. Recent studies in model organisms demonstrate that the aging process is frequently modified by an organism's ability to perceive and respond to changes in its envi...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.62659
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity produces a chronic inflammatory state involving the NFκB pathway, resulting in persistent elevation of the noncanonical IκB kinases IKKε and TBK1. In this study, we report that these kinases attenuate β-adrenergic signaling in white adipose tissue. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with specific inhibitors of the...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.01119
更新日期:2013-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Coronaries are essential for myocardial growth and heart function. Notch is crucial for mouse embryonic angiogenesis, but its role in coronary development remains uncertain. We show Jag1, Dll4 and activated Notch1 receptor expression in sinus venosus (SV) endocardium. Endocardial Jag1 removal blocks SV capillary sprou...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.49977
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::New studies examine how the different sub-structures in the cerebellum are organized to receive information during complex behavioral tasks. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.52631
更新日期:2019-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased risk for stress-related disorders later in life. The link between ELA and risk for psychopathology is well established but the developmental mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model of resource insecurity, limited bedding (LB), we tested the effects of LB o...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.55263
更新日期:2020-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Struggling to get her research project up and running in a new country, a mother gets inspiration from her young daughter. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.59587
更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::PKMζ is a persistently active PKC isoform proposed to maintain late-LTP and long-term memory. But late-LTP and memory are maintained without PKMζ in PKMζ-null mice. Two hypotheses can account for these findings. First, PKMζ is unimportant for LTP or memory. Second, PKMζ is essential for late-LTP and long-term memory i...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.14846
更新日期:2016-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrate embryonic patterning depends on signaling from Nodal, a TGFβ superfamily member. There are three Nodal orthologs in zebrafish; southpaw directs left-right asymmetries, while squint and cyclops function earlier to pattern mesendoderm. TGFβ member Vg1 is implicated in mesoderm formation but the role of the ze...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.28635
更新日期:2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hippo signalling integrates diverse stimuli related to epithelial architecture to regulate tissue growth and cell fate decisions. The Hippo kinase cascade represses the growth-promoting transcription co-activator Yorkie. The FERM protein Expanded is one of the main upstream Hippo signalling regulators in Drosophila as...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.46592
更新日期:2019-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The immediate evolutionary space accessible to HIV is largely determined by how single amino acid mutations affect fitness. These mutational effects can shift as the virus evolves. However, the prevalence of such shifts in mutational effects remains unclear. Here, we quantify the effects on viral growth of all amino a...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.34420
更新日期:2018-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia thailandensis uses acyl-homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing systems to regulate hundreds of genes. Here we show that cell-cell contact-dependent type VI secretion (T6S) toxin-immunity systems are among those activated by quorum sensing in B. thailandensis. We also demonstrate that T6S is required t...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.14712
更新日期:2016-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Experience-dependent reorganisation of functional maps in the cerebral cortex is well described in the primary sensory cortices. However, there is relatively little evidence for such cortical reorganisation over the short-term. Using human somatosensory cortex as a model, we investigated the effects of a 24 hr gluing ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.17280
更新日期:2016-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Homologous recombination (HR)-mediated repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB)s is restricted to the post-replicative phases of the cell cycle. Initiation of HR in the G1 phase blocks non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) impairing DSB repair. Completion of HR in G1 cells can lead to the loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH), whic...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.02445
更新日期:2014-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Optogenetic approaches are leading to a better understanding of the forces that determine the plane of cell division. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.38748
更新日期:2018-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::How Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) rewires macrophage energy metabolism to facilitate survival is poorly characterized. Here, we used extracellular flux analysis to simultaneously measure the rates of glycolysis and respiration in real time. Mtb infection induced a quiescent energy phenotype in human monocyte-derive...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.39169
更新日期:2018-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Advanced microscopy and labeling techniques reveal that bacteria localize mRNAs within their cells in a similar way to eukaryotes. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.16598
更新日期:2016-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms of the neural circuits that guide mating decisions in male flies are becoming clearer. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.13093
更新日期:2015-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic metabolic reprogramming induced by infection exerts profound, pathogen-specific effects on infection outcome. Here, we detail the host immune and metabolic response during sickness and recovery in a mouse model of malaria. We describe extensive alterations in metabolism during acute infection, and identify in...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.60165
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00