Abstract：
:We present a simple and quick system for accurately scoring the developmental progress of mouse embryos harvested on embryonic day 14 (E14.5). Based solely on the external appearance of the maturing forelimb, we provide a convenient way to distinguish six developmental sub-stages. Using a variety of objective morphometric data obtained from the commonly used C57BL/6N mouse strain, we show that these stages correlate precisely with the growth of the entire embryo and its organs. Applying the new staging system to phenotype analyses of E14.5 embryos of 58 embryonic lethal null mutant lines from the DMDD research programme (https://dmdd.org.uk) and its pilot, we show that homozygous mutant embryos are frequently delayed in development. To demonstrate the importance of our staging system for correct phenotype interpretation, we describe stage-specific changes of the palate, heart and gut, and provide examples in which correct diagnosis of malformations relies on correct staging.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Geyer SH,Reissig L,Rose J,Wilson R,Prin F,Szumska D,Ramirez-Solis R,Tudor C,White J,Mohun TJ,Weninger WJdoi
10.1111/joa.12590subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-01 00:00:00pages
710-719issue
5eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
230pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In the enameloid matrix a large number of tubular vesicles appeared around the odontoblast processes at the stage of enameloid matrix formation. The tubular vesicles were limited by unit membrane and the membrane often seemed to connect with that of the odontoblast processes. The tubular vesicles probably originated f...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytoarchitecture of the intra-ocular optic nerve was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Glial cells in the intra-ocular portion are disposed among the axons, either scattered or forming columns, and bordering the nervous parenchyma. Astroglia forms the limiting glia that separates the optic nerve from ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the occurrence and anatomy of the vomeronasal system (VNS) in tadpoles of 13 different anuran species. All of the species possessed a morphologically fully developed VNS with a highly conserved anatomical organisation. We found that a bean-shaped vomeronasal organ (VNO) developed early in the tadpoles,...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01543.x
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have reported that intratesticular nerves exert important regulatory effects on the functions of the male gonad; however, as yet little is known about their distribution in the young adult human testis. The purpose of this study was to explore whether peptidergic and adrenergic nerves occur in the mal...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01038.x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a member of the most basal clade of extant ray-finned fishes (actinopterygians) and of one of the most basal clades of osteichthyans (bony fishes + tetrapods), Polypterus can provide insights into the ancestral anatomy of both ray-finned and lobe-finned fishes, including those that gave rise to tetrapods. The pecto...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12573
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because the cornea is optimized for refraction, it relies on supporting tissues for moistening and nutrition and in particular for immune protection. Its main support tissue is the conjunctiva, in addition to the lacrimal gland, the latter which provides soluble mediators via the tear film. The cornea and conjunctiva ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00394.x
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is evidence for lymphatic drainage of interstitial fluid from the brain along perivascular spaces in a number of mammalian species. Ultrastructural studies suggest that there are similar drainage pathways in the human cerebral cortex. Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia, however, differ from those in the co...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19130337.x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative measurements of relative nerve density were achieved using computer-assisted image analysis of immunohistochemically and histochemically defined nerves in the conduction system of the guinea pig heart. All regions of the conduction system possessed a similar density of nerve fibres and fascicles displayin...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epithalamus is a major subdivision of the diencephalon constituted by the habenular nuclei and pineal complex. Structural asymmetries in this region are widespread amongst vertebrates and involve differences in size. neuronal organisation, neurochemistry and connectivity. In species that possess a photoreceptive p...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910063.x
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to record growth-related changes in collagen network organization and proteoglycan distribution in intermittently peak-loaded and continuously lower-level-loaded articular cartilage. Cartilage from the proximal phalangeal bone of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint at birth, at 5, 11 and 18 ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01140.x
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain endothelial cells lining the cerebral microvasculature, and is an important mechanism for protecting the brain from fluctuations in plasma composition, and from circulating agents such as neurotransmitters and xenobiotics capable of disturbing neural function. The barri...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00064.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Articular cartilage from the weight-bearing area of the femoral concyles in adult rats is smooth in the normal, non-weight-bearing condition, showing none of the surface irregularities (8-15 micrometer) reported by previous authors. Demonstrable changes in the surface characteristics of articular cartilage may be attr...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study aim was to explore the anatomy, histopathology, and molecular biological function of the fascias posterior to the interperitoneal colon and its mesocolon to provide information for improving complete mesocolic excision. To accomplish this aim, we performed intraoperative observations in 60 interperitoneal co...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12066
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fine structure of the elastic cartilage of the pinna has been examined in young rabbits aged from 1 day to 1108 days. Changes associated with growth and development are related not only to age but also to the actual situation in the pinna. In the midline, progressive changes are seen from the tip to the base. The ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) in the corpus callosum were selectively labelled following a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the fluorescent dye, rhodamine isothiocyanate (RhIc) into postnatal rats. The frequency of RhIc-labelled cells varied with age, with the largest number occurring in 7-d-old animals. T...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The architecture of the fibres in the sciatic nerve of the dog has been analysed by following the degeneration of fibres resulting from division of the individual spinal nerves which contribute to the sciatic nerve. A pattern has been demonstrated which varies in part with the size of the contribution to the sciatic n...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are diagnosed solely on the basis of behaviour. A large body of work has reported neuroanatomical differences between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls. Despite the huge clinical and genetic heterogeneity that ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/joa.12542
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The developing cortical surfaces of long bones are sculpted and modeled by periosteal osteoclasts and osteoblasts. These surfaces also receive the insertions of tendons and ligaments, and these insertion sites too are modeled to form the root systems that anchor them into the cortical bone. The regulatory molecules th...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12145
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellullar deficits are replenished within the central nervous system (CNS) by progenitors to maintain integrity and recover function after injury. NG2 proteoglycan-expressing progenitors replenish oligodendrocyte populations, but the nature of NG2 proteoglycan may not indicate a restricted population of progenitors. A...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00480.x
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The natural radiographic appearance of the various bones of the skeleton are described for several strains of laboratory mice. The Harwell substrains of CBA, A and 101 are generally similar and become osteoporotic on ageing. Harwell C57BL have similar, but more delicately chiseled, bones. Harwell C3H mice have bones w...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cellular changes in the ileum and duodenum and in the mesenteric and prefemoral lymph nodes of gnotobiotic piglets were observed following feeding with a live culture of a non-pathogenic E. coli. There was a rapid and intense reaction in the lower ileum, and follicles were formed; germinal centres were formed in t...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cetaceans face the challenge of maintaining equilibrium underwater and obtaining sensory input within a dense, low-visibility medium. The cetacean ear represents a key innovation that marked their evolution from terrestrial artiodactyls to among the most fully aquatic mammals in existence. Using micro-CT and histologi...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12548
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of serum prolactin elevation on the growth and development of the rat breast was investigated. Oral administration of the dopamine antagonist, perphenazine, led to a 5-10-fold elevation of serum prolactin after two days of treatment which was maintained for the 54 days of study. A significant (P less than 0...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interneurons are an integral part of cortical neuronal circuits. During the past decade, numerous studies have shown that these cells, unlike their pyramidal counterparts that are derived from the neuroepithelium along the lumen of the lateral ventricles, are generated in the ganglionic eminences in the subpallium. Th...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00750.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an accumulating body of evidence that highlights the fact that one can identify convergence in programmes of cellular differentiation. That is, that a particular differentiated cell/tissue type can be generated via non-identical paths. Convergence is also seen in evolution and here it is termed homoplasy, thu...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01232.x
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ACTH cells form a layer 1-8 cells thick, dorsal to the prolactin cells in the rostral pars distalis. They react only mildly with a variety of stains including PAS-lead haematoxylin. Their nuclear diameters vary seasonally in a manner that closely parallels that of the prolactin cells. The relative volumes of the A...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Piecemeal degranulation (PMD) has been recognized in two cases of human pheochromocytoma from the adrenal medulla, which were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Tumour pheochromocytes presented a highly characteristic cytoplasmic admixture of normal resting granules, swollen granules with eroded matrices and...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0021-8782.2005.00365.x
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The absolute number of parvicellular and magnocellular neurons in the red nucleus was estimated using design-based stereological counting methods and systematic random sampling techniques. Six young adult male rats, and a complete set of serial 40-μm glycolmethacrylate sections for each rat, were used to quantify neur...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12495
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although systematic reviews are conducted in the field of anatomical research, no instruments exist for the assessment of study quality. Thus, our objective was to develop a valid tool that reliably assesses the methodological quality of observational cadaveric studies. The QUACS scale (QUality Appraisal for Cadaveric...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12292
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scarring, leading to impaired function, growth and appearance, is a major problem following many forms of surgery. Fetal wounds, unlike those in the adult, are characterised by a reduced growth factor profile and the absence of scar tissue (Whitby & Ferguson, 1991 a, b). The antiparasitic drug, suramin (a heparin anal...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
