Cardiac electrophysiology: normal and ischemic ionic currents and the ECG.

Abstract:

:Basic cardiac electrophysiology is foundational to understanding normal cardiac function in terms of rate and rhythm and initiation of cardiac muscle contraction. The primary clinical tool for assessing cardiac electrical events is the electrocardiogram (ECG), which provides global and regional information on rate, rhythm, and electrical conduction as well as changes in electrical activity associated with cardiac disease, particularly ischemic heart disease. This teaching review is written at a level appropriate for first- and second-year medical students. Specific concepts discussed include ion equilibrium potentials, electrochemical forces driving ion movements across membranes, the role of ion channels in determining membrane resting potentials and action potentials, and the conduction of action potentials within the heart. The electrophysiological basis for the ECG is then described, followed by discussion on how ischemia alters cellular electrophysiology and ECG recordings, with particular emphasis on changes in T waves and ST segments of the ECG.

journal_name

Adv Physiol Educ

authors

Klabunde RE

doi

10.1152/advan.00105.2016

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-03-01 00:00:00

pages

29-37

issue

1

eissn

1043-4046

issn

1522-1229

pii

41/1/29

journal_volume

41

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Student responses to a hands-on kinesthetic lecture activity for learning about the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

    abstract::This article describes a new hands-on, or "kinesthetic," activity for use in a physiology lecture hall to help students comprehend an important concept in cardiopulmonary physiology known as oxygen carrying capacity. One impetus for designing this activity was to address the needs of students who have a preference for...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00090.2010

    authors: Breckler J,Yu JR

    更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00

  • Design and evaluation of a national set of learning objectives: the medical physiology learning objectives project.

    abstract::In 1998, the American Physiological Society (APS) and the Association of Chairs of Departments of Physiology (ACDP) began collaboration on a project to develop a set of physiology learning objectives for medical students. Over the next 2 years, more than 50 physiologists collaborated in the development a comprehensive...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advances.2001.25.2.2

    authors: Carroll RG

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • Quantitative concept mapping in pulmonary physiology: comparison of student and faculty knowledge structures.

    abstract::Quantitative concept mapping, in contrast with qualitative approaches, is rigorous scientifically and permits statistical analyses of data about concept learning. This study extends past quantitative research on the structure of student concept learning in pulmonary physiology. Pathfinder scaling is used to derive con...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advances.2000.23.1.S72

    authors: McGaghie WC,McCrimmon DR,Mitchell G,Thompson JA,Ravitch MM

    更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00

  • Teaching pulmonary gas exchange physiology using computer modeling.

    abstract::Students often have difficulty understanding the relationship of O(2) consumption, CO(2) production, cardiac output, and distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lung to the final arterial blood gas composition. To overcome this difficulty, I have developed an interactive computer simulation of pulmonary ga...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00099.2007

    authors: Kapitan KS

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • How to review a paper.

    abstract::Most scientists acquire their training in manuscript review not through instruction but by actually doing it. Formal training in manuscript analysis is rarely, if ever, provided. Editors usually choose reviewers because of expertise in a given subject area and availability. If an individual repeatedly submits bad revi...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00057.2002

    authors: Benos DJ,Kirk KL,Hall JE

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • Flipped classroom narrows the performance gap between low- and high-performing dental students in physiology.

    abstract::The flipped classroom has been shown to have positive outcomes in learning. However, relatively little has been reported on the implementation of it in dental education. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the flipped classroom on predoctoral dental students' learning. Two consecutive classes of de...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00104.2018

    authors: Xiao N,Thor,Zheng M,Baek J,Kim G

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • Conceptual assessment in the biological sciences: a National Science Foundation-sponsored workshop.

    abstract::Twenty-one biology teachers from a variety of disciplines (genetics, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, etc.) met at the University of Colorado to begin discussions about approaches to assessing students' conceptual understanding of biology. We considered what is meant by a "concept" in biology, what the important bio...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1152/advan.00047.2007

    authors: Michael J

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • An explorative vs. traditional practical course: how to inspire scientific thinking in medical students.

    abstract::Recently, medical students' scientific thinking skills have been identified as an important issue in medical education. Scientific thinking cannot be imparted in conventional lectures, but rather requires actively involving students. We modified a practical course in physiology. A study was designed to test whether th...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00120.2018

    authors: Eckel J,Zavaritskaya O,Schüttpelz-Brauns K,Schubert R

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • The flipped classroom allows for more class time devoted to critical thinking.

    abstract::The flipped classroom was utilized in a two-semester, high-content science course that enrolled between 50 and 80 students at a small liberal arts college. With the flipped model, students watched ~20-min lectures 2 days/wk outside of class. These videos were recorded via screen capture and included a detailed note ou...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00033.2016

    authors: DeRuisseau LR

    更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00

  • Using exam reflections to augment learning.

    abstract::While teaching, learning, and assessment should undoubtedly encompass more than just focusing on student exam scores, exams are a pervasive assessment tool at many academic institutions. This paper describes a newly developed exam reflection assignment, which is a tool to assist students in successful exam experiences...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00028.2020

    authors: Gorres-Martens BK

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Women in (neuro)science: report of a meeting held at the University of Valencia, Spain, in February 2018.

    abstract::February 11th is the International Day of Women and Girls in Science. To mark this day, research centers and universities were invited by the Spanish Neuroscience Association to organize a symposium. Twenty-five centers in Spain participated in the event, with the intent of giving visibility to the existing problem of...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00113.2018

    authors: Mello-Carpes PB,Lloret A

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • Use of case-based or hands-on laboratory exercises with physiology lectures improves knowledge retention, but veterinary medicine students prefer case-based activities.

    abstract::Didactic lectures are prevalent in physiology courses within veterinary medicine programs, but more active learning methods have also been utilized. Our goal was to identify the most appropriate learning method to augment the lecture component of our physiology course. We hypothesized that case-based learning would be...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00084.2017

    authors: McFee RM,Cupp AS,Wood JR

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • 2nd Pan American Congress of Physiological Sciences, Havana, Cuba, May 27-31, 2019.

    abstract::Physiology education was well represented at the 2nd Pan American Congress of Physiological Sciences in Havana, Cuba, with two symposia, a workshop, and a poster session. ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00084.2019

    authors: Carroll RG,Halpin PA,Silverthorn DU

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cat dissection vs. sculpting human structures in clay: an analysis of two approaches to undergraduate human anatomy laboratory education.

    abstract::Many human anatomy courses are taught using cat dissection. Alternatives are available, but information regarding learning outcomes is incomplete. In 2003, approximately 120 undergraduates enrolled in a human anatomy course were assigned to one of two treatment groups. In the control group, students performed cat diss...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00033.2004

    authors: Waters JR,Van Meter P,Perrotti W,Drogo S,Cyr RJ

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • Using a high-fidelity patient simulator with first-year medical students to facilitate learning of cardiovascular function curves.

    abstract::Students are relying on technology for learning more than ever, and educators need to adapt to facilitate student learning. High-fidelity patient simulators (HFPS) are usually reserved for the clinical years of medical education and are geared to improve clinical decision skills, teamwork, and patient safety. Finding ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00058.2012

    authors: Harris DM,Ryan K,Rabuck C

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • Students' colleges and achievement in an advanced course.

    abstract::The aim of the present study was to determine whether a significant relationship exists between a student's college (Allied Health, Arts and Science, Education, and Graduate School) and achievement in an advanced-level course in human physiology (PGY 412G). The mean percentage of correct answers on four multiple-choic...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00039.2001

    authors: Zolman JF,Ott CE

    更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiovascular and pulmonary interactions: why Galen's misconceptions proved clinically useful for 1,300 years.

    abstract::The new generations of physicians are, to a large extent, unaware of the complex philosophical and biological concepts that created the bases of modern medicine. Building on the Hellenistic tradition of the four humors and their qualities, Galen (AD 129 to c. 216) provided a persuasive scheme of the structure and func...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00058.2020

    authors: Neder JA

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • A conceptual framework for homeostasis: development and validation.

    abstract::We have developed and validated a conceptual framework for understanding and teaching organismal homeostasis at the undergraduate level. The resulting homeostasis conceptual framework details critical components and constituent ideas underlying the concept of homeostasis. It has been validated by a broad range of phys...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00103.2015

    authors: McFarland J,Wenderoth MP,Michael J,Cliff W,Wright A,Modell H

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • A forgotten moment in physiology: the Lovelace Woman in Space Program (1960-1962).

    abstract::In 1959, Brigadier General Donald Flickinger and Dr. W. Randolph Lovelace II suggested that it would be more practical from an engineering standpoint to send women rather than men into space due to their lower body weights and oxygen requirements. When the Air Force decided not to pursue this project, Dr. Lovelace ass...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00034.2009

    authors: Ryan KL,Loeppky JA,Kilgore DE Jr

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of discovery learning in a lower-division biology course.

    abstract::This study investigated discovery learning pedagogy and its effects on students' achievement and attitudes toward instruction in a lower-division biology course, entitled Structure and Function of Organisms. Instruction was primarily lecture-based but included four discovery learning activities. Results indicate that ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advances.2001.25.2.62

    authors: Wilke RR,Straits WJ

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • Exploring student preferences with a Q-sort: the development of an individualized renal physiology curriculum.

    abstract::Medical education reform is underway, but the optimal course for change has yet to be seen. While planning for the redesign of a renal physiology course at the Duke School of Medicine, the authors used a Q-sort survey to assess students' attitudes and learning preferences to inform curricular change. The authors invit...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00028.2015

    authors: Roberts JK,Hargett CW,Nagler A,Jakoi E,Lehrich RW

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • What is the ultimate goal in neural regulation of cardiovascular function?

    abstract::We used the following multiple-choice question after a series of lectures in cardiovascular physiology in the first year of an undergraduate medical curriculum (n = 66) to assess whether students had understood the neural regulation of cardiovascular function. In health, neural cardiovascular mechanisms are geared tow...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1152/advan.00013.2004

    authors: Prakash ES,Madanmohan,Pal GK

    更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00

  • Learning style preferences and course performance in an undergraduate physiology class.

    abstract::Learning styles may be classified according to the sensory modality that one most prefers to use when internalizing information. The four major sensory modalities are visual, aural or auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preferred learning style, ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00048.2009

    authors: Dobson JL

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine: Warfighter research focusing on the past 25 years.

    abstract::The United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) celebrated its 50th anniversary on July 1, 2011. This article reviews its history, evolution, and transition of its research programs as well as its scientific and military accomplishments, emphasizing the past 25 yr. During the 1990s, USARI...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1152/advan.00049.2011

    authors: Pandolf KB,Francesconi R,Sawka MN,Cymerman A,Hoyt RW,Young AJ,Zambraski EJ

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • A primer on tissue pH and local anesthetic potency.

    abstract::The relationship between pH, pKa, and degree of local anesthetic ionization is quantified by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As presented in standard textbooks, the effect of pH on the degree of ionization of any particular local anesthetic is not immediately clear due to the x-axis displaying pH - pKa, which requ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00018.2020

    authors: Pope RLE,Brown AM

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiopulmonary physiology: why the heart and lungs are inextricably linked.

    abstract::Because the heart and lungs are confined within the thoracic cavity, understanding their interactions is integral for studying each system. Such interactions include changes in external constraint to the heart, blood volume redistribution (venous return), direct ventricular interaction (DVI), and left ventricular (LV)...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1152/advan.00190.2016

    authors: Verhoeff K,Mitchell JR

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Using a classic paper by Robin Fahraeus and Torsten Lindqvist to teach basic hemorheology.

    abstract::"The viscosity of the blood in narrow capillary tubes" by Robin Fåhraeus and Torsten Lindqvist (Am J Physiol 96: 562-568, 1931) can be a valuable opportunity for teaching basic hemorheological principles in undergraduate cardiovascular physiology. This classic paper demonstrates that a progressive decline in apparent ...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00009.2013

    authors: Toksvang LN,Berg RM

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • An efficient approach to improve the usability of e-learning resources: the role of heuristic evaluation.

    abstract::Optimizing the usability of e-learning materials is necessary to maximize their potential educational impact, but this is often neglected when time and other resources are limited, leading to the release of materials that cannot deliver the desired learning outcomes. As clinician-teachers in a resource-constrained env...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00043.2013

    authors: Davids MR,Chikte UM,Halperin ML

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00

  • Does sex (female versus male) influence the impact of class attendance on examination performance?

    abstract::The "conventional wisdom" is that grades are related to class attendance, i.e., students who attend classes more frequently obtain better grades and class attendance dramatically contributes to enhanced learning. However, the influence of sex (female vs. male) on this relationship is understudied. Furthermore, there h...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00021.2011

    authors: Cortright RN,Lujan HL,Cox JH,DiCarlo SE

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Living history of physiology: Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen.

    abstract::In 2005, The American Physiological Society initiated The Living History of Physiology Project to recognize senior members who have made extraordinary contributions during their career to the advancement of the discipline and profession of physiology. Each physiologist will be interviewed for archival purposes, and th...

    journal_title:Advances in physiology education

    pub_type: 传,历史文章

    doi:10.1152/advan.00030.2005

    authors: Dantzler WH

    更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00