Autocrine and Paracrine Mechanisms Promoting Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Abstract:

:Resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, a typical feature of cholangiocarcinoma, prevents the efficacy of the therapeutic arsenal usually used to combat malignancy in humans. Mechanisms of chemoresistance by neoplastic cholangiocytes include evasion of drug-induced apoptosis mediated by autocrine and paracrine cues released in the tumor microenvironment. Here, recent evidence regarding molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance is reviewed, as well as associations between well-developed chemoresistance and activation of the cancer stem cell compartment. It is concluded that improved understanding of the complex interplay between apoptosis signaling and the promotion of cell survival represent potentially productive areas for active investigation, with the ultimate aim of encouraging future studies to unveil new, effective strategies able to overcome current limitations on treatment.

journal_name

Int J Mol Sci

authors

Cadamuro M,Brivio S,Spirli C,Joplin RE,Strazzabosco M,Fabris L

doi

10.3390/ijms18010149

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-01-13 00:00:00

issue

1

issn

1422-0067

pii

ijms18010149

journal_volume

18

pub_type

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