Abstract:
:Tears serve as a viable diagnostic fluid with advantages including less invasive sample to collect and less complex to prepare for analysis. Several water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins were detected and quantified in human tears and compared with blood serum levels. Samples from 15 family pairs, each pair consisting of a four-month-old infant and one parent were analyzed; vitamin concentrations were compared between tears and blood serum for individual subjects, between infants and parents, and against self-reported dietary intakes. Water-soluble vitamins B1, B2, B3 (nicotinamide), B5, B9 and fat-soluble vitamin E (α-tocopherol) were routinely detected in tears and blood serum while fat-soluble vitamin A (retinol) was detected only in blood serum. Water-soluble vitamin concentrations measured in tears and blood serum of single subjects were comparable, while higher concentrations were measured in infants compared to their parents. Fat-soluble vitamin E concentrations were lower in tears than blood serum with no significant difference between infants and parents. Serum vitamin A concentrations were higher in parents than infants. Population trends were compiled and quantified using a cross correlation factor. Strong positive correlations were found between tear and blood serum concentrations of vitamin E from infants and parents and vitamin B3 concentrations from parents, while slight positive correlations were detected for infants B3 and parents B1 and B2 concentrations. Correlations between infants and parents were found for the concentrations of B1, B2, B3, and E in tears, and the concentrations of B2, A, and E in blood serum. Stronger vitamin concentration correlations were found between infants and parents for the breast-fed infants, while no significant difference was observed between breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. This work is the first to demonstrate simultaneous vitamin A, B, and E detection and to quantify correlations between vitamin concentrations in tears and blood serum. Our results suggest that tears are a viable biofluid to monitor nutritional health because they sufficiently mirror blood serum data and may enhance the speed of deficiency diagnoses.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Khaksari M,Mazzoleni LR,Ruan C,Kennedy RT,Minerick ARdoi
10.1016/j.exer.2016.12.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
54-63eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014-4835(16)30544-9journal_volume
155pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Innervated myotendinous cylinders (IMCs) in rabbit extraocular muscles (EOMs) were identified for the first time. The nature of IMC nerve terminals was demonstrated by means of electron microscopy and double fluorescent staining. The distal EOM portions of four rabbits of different age and sex were prepared for transm...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1085
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1996.0211
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abstract::The lipid composition of retinal pigment epithelial cells was determined for normal cells which have full phagocytic ability and for a genetic variant with impaired phagocytic function. Retinal pigment epithelial cells from 9-14-day-old congenic strains of normal (RCS-rdy+) and dystrophic (RCS-rdy/rdy) rats were separ...
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2008.06.002
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
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doi:10.1016/j.exer.2014.12.008
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1058
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2005.02.010
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2021.108450
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(89)80067-3
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 信件
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1993.1085
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1998.0518
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00