Placental histological lesions in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: A retrospective cohort study of 21 cases.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Alloimmunization against human platelet antigens (HPAs) can occur prenatally and induce fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). The aim of this study was to identify placental histological features associated with platelet alloimmunization and their clinical significance. METHODS:This study examined 21 placentas from FNAIT-affected pregnancies and 42 age-matched control cases, all collected from pathology departments in the Rhône-Alpes region. Clinical and laboratory findings were collected for each FNAIT case. Two pathologists reviewed the placental slides of each FNAIT and control case. Histological features, with special emphasis on chronic inflammatory lesions, were evaluated. Differences between the two groups were calculated with odds ratios (ORs) and assessed with Wald's chi-square. RESULTS:FNAIT was associated with a significantly higher frequency of chronic chorioamnionitis (CC) (OR 14, 95%CI 1.7-113.8), basal chronic villitis (BCV) (OR 17, 95%CI 2-145.6) and chronic intervillositis (CIV). Chronic villitis (CV) (OR 3.7, 95%CI 0.9-15.2) and chronic deciduitis (CD) (OR 4.7, 95%CI 0.79-28.2) were also more frequent in the FNAIT than the control group, but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:FNAIT is significantly associated with CC, BCV, and CIV. This chronic inflammatory reaction is preferentially localized on the maternofetal interface. Anti-HPA alloimmunization may trigger an immunological conflict similar to graft-versus-host disease.

journal_name

Placenta

journal_title

Placenta

authors

Dubruc E,Lebreton F,Giannoli C,Rabilloud M,Huissoud C,Devouassoux-Shisheboran M,Allias F

doi

10.1016/j.placenta.2016.10.009

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-12-01 00:00:00

pages

104-109

eissn

0143-4004

issn

1532-3102

pii

S0143-4004(16)30556-2

journal_volume

48

pub_type

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