Abstract:
Importance:Food industry sponsorship of nutrition research may bias research reports, systematic reviews, and dietary guidelines. Objective:To determine whether food industry sponsorship is associated with effect sizes, statistical significance of results, and conclusions of nutrition studies with findings that are favorable to the sponsor and, secondarily, to determine whether nutrition studies differ in their methodological quality depending on whether they are industry sponsored. Data Sources:OVID MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception until October 2015; the reference lists of included reports. Study Selection:Reports that evaluated primary research studies or reviews and that quantitatively compared food industry-sponsored studies with those that had no or other sources of sponsorship. Data Extraction:Two reviewers independently extracted data from each report and rated its quality using the ratings of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, ranging from a highest quality rating of 1 to a lowest of 5. Main Outcomes and Measures:Results (statistical significance and effect size) favorable to the sponsor and conclusions favorable to the sponsor. If data were appropriate for meta-analysis, we used an inverse variance DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Results:Of 775 reports reviewed, 12, with quality ratings ranging from 1 to 4, met the inclusion criteria. Two reports, with data that could not be combined, assessed the association of food industry sponsorship and the statistical significance of research results; neither found an association. One report examined effect sizes and found that studies sponsored by the food industry reported significantly smaller harmful effects for the association of soft drink consumption with energy intake and body weight than those not sponsored by the food industry. Eight reports, including 340 studies, assessed the association of industry sponsorship with authors' conclusions. Although industry-sponsored studies were more likely to have favorable conclusions than non-industry-sponsored studies, the difference was not significant (risk ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.99-1.72]). Five reports assessed methodological quality; none found an association with industry sponsorship. Conclusions and Relevance:Although industry-sponsored studies were more likely to have conclusions favorable to industry than non-industry-sponsored studies, the difference was not significant. There was also insufficient evidence to assess the quantitative effect of industry sponsorship on the results and quality of nutrition research. These findings suggest but do not establish that industry sponsorship of nutrition studies is associated with conclusions that favor the sponsors, and further investigation of differences in study results and quality is needed.
journal_name
JAMA Intern Medjournal_title
JAMA internal medicineauthors
Chartres N,Fabbri A,Bero LAdoi
10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6721subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
1769-1777issue
12eissn
2168-6106issn
2168-6114pii
2575884journal_volume
176pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:Importance:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in adults with heart failure and is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Randomized trials of participants without CKD have demonstrated that implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) decrease the risk of arrhythmic death in selected patients ...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8462
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:The Institute of Medicine recently called for systematic improvements in clinician-led conversations about goals, values, and care preferences for patients with serious and life-threatening illnesses. Studies suggest that these conversations are associated with improved outcomes for patients and their famili...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3212
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Providing culturally competent care to the growing number of limited-English proficiency (LEP) Latinos with diabetes in the United States is challenging. Objective:To evaluate changes in risk factor control among LEP Latinos with diabetes who switched from language-discordant (English-only) primary care phy...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.8648
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.5830
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for decline in cognitive function, reduced brain volume, and increased white matter lesions in the brain. Poor control of blood pressure (BP) and lipid levels are risk factors for T2DM-related cognitive decline, but the effect of intensive tr...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13656
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:As the rate of publication of new and sometimes conflicting medical research increases, clinicians rely heavily on clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to inform practice. However, CPGs are of widely variable quality, and there are no existing objective measures to rate the quality of CPGs. Objective:To syst...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7529
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:End-of-life care is costly, and decedents often experience overtreatment or low-quality care. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may be a palliative approach to avoid invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) among select patients who are hospitalized at the end of life. Objective:To examine the trends in NIV and IM...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Up-front treatment of older men with low-risk prostate cancer can cause morbidity without clear survival benefit; however, most such patients receive treatment instead of observation. The impact of physicians on the management approach is uncertain. OBJECTIVE:To determine the impact of physicians on the man...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.3021
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Additional information is needed about the role of dietary sodium on health outcomes in older adults. OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between dietary sodium intake and mortality, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and incident heart failure (HF) in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:W...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6278
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a costly component of care for diabetes mellitus, with unclear benefits for patients not taking insulin. Veterans with dual Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare benefits have access to test strips through both systems, raising the potential for overuse. OBJECT...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.5405
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Clinician communication about goals of care is associated with improved patient outcomes and reduced intensity of end-of-life care, but it is unclear whether interventions can improve this communication. Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of a patient-specific preconversation communication-priming intervent...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2317
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Pulmonary nodules are common, and more will be found with implementation of lung cancer screening. How potentially malignant pulmonary nodules are evaluated may affect patient outcomes, health care costs, and effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs. Guidelines for evaluating pulmonary nodules for can...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.561
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age in the United States. In the Los Angeles County safety net, a nonvertically integrated system serving underinsured and uninsured patients, the prevalence of DR is approximately 50%, and owing to limited specialty care resour...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.0204
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The benefit of blood transfusion in patients with myocardial infarction is controversial, and a possibility of harm exists. METHODS:A systematic search of studies published between January 1, 1966, and March 31, 2012, was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.1001
更新日期:2013-01-28 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Postmarket evidence generation for medical devices is important yet limited for prosthetic aortic valve devices in the United Kingdom. Objective:To identify prosthetic aortic valve models that display unexpected patterns of mortality or reintervention using routinely collected national registry data and rec...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6936
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Whether interventions to improve food access can reduce health care use is unknown. Objective:To determine whether participation in a medically tailored meal intervention is associated with fewer subsequent hospitalizations. Design, Setting, and Participants:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0198
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To assess whether receipt of antibiotics by prior hospital bed occupants is associated with increased risk for CDI in subsequent patients who occupy the same bed. Design, Setting, and Participants:This is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized in any 1 of 4 facilities between 2010 and 20...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6193
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Prognostic understanding can shape patients' treatment goals and preferences. Patients undergoing dialysis in the United States have limited life expectancy and may receive end-of-life care directed at life extension. Little is known about their prognostic expectations. Objective:To understand the prognosti...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2879
更新日期:2019-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Manufacturers of US Food and Drug Administration-approved prescription drugs often apply for additional indications based on randomized clinical trials. Real-world database analyses on a medication's use and outcomes in routine settings of care might help to inform decision making regarding such supplemental...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.3919
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Better continuity of care is expected to improve patient outcomes and reduce health care costs, but patterns of use, costs, and clinical complications associated with the current patterns of care continuity have not been quantified. OBJECTIVE:To measure the association between care continuity, costs, and ra...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.245
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Although implicit bias in medical training has long been suspected, it has been difficult to study using objective measures, and the influence of sex and gender in the evaluation of medical trainees is unknown. The emergency medicine (EM) milestones provide a standardized framework for longitudinal resident ...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9616
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Low-value care is prevalent in the United States, yet little is known about the downstream health care use triggered by low-value services. Measurement of such care cascades is essential to understanding the full consequences of low-value care. Objective:To describe cascades (tests, treatments, visits, hosp...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1739
更新日期:2019-06-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Urinary stone disease is a common presentation in the emergency department, and α-adrenergic receptor blockers, such as tamsulosin, are commonly used to facilitate stone passage. Objective:To determine if tamsulosin promotes the passage of urinary stones within 28 days among emergency department patients. ...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2259
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.8245
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:The American College of Radiology (ACR) has recognized the importance of minimizing radiation doses used for lung cancer screening (LCS) computed tomography (CT). However, without standard protocols, doses could still be unnecessarily high, reducing screening margin of benefit. Objective:To characterize LCS...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.3893
更新日期:2019-09-23 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:A critical bottleneck in clinical genomics is the mismatch between large volumes of results and the availability of knowledgeable professionals to return them. Objective:To test whether a web-based platform is noninferior to a genetic counselor for educating patients about their carrier results from exome s...
journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8049
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7667
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:JAMA internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.4340
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00