The effect of central nervous system involvement and irradiation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Lessons from the NOPHO ALL-92 and ALL-2000 protocols.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Central nervous system irradiation (CNS-RT) has played a central role in the cure of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but due to the risk of long-term toxicity, it is now considered a less-favorable method of CNS-directed therapy. PROCEDURES:Retrospectively, we estimated the effect of CNS involvement and CNS-RT on events and overall survival (OS) in 835 children treated for high-risk ALL in the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL-92 and ALL-2000 trials. RESULTS:We did not observe a statistically significant difference in the OS or event-free survival (EFS) in patients with CNS involvement at diagnosis, but the risk of isolated CNS relapse was higher (hazard ratio [HR] 7.09, P < 0.001). CNS-RT was given to 169 of the 783 patients in first complete remission, of which 16 had CNS involvement at diagnosis. In general, CNS-RT improved EFS (HR 0.58, P < 0.05) but not OS (HR 0.69, P = n.s.). The adjusted HRs for all relapses, isolated bone marrow relapse, CNS-involving relapse, and isolated CNS relapse, were 0.47 (P < 0.01), 0.50 (P < 0.05), 0.34 (P < 0.01), and 0.12 (P < 0.01), respectively, in irradiated patients. CONCLUSIONS:CNS-RT was associated with an advantage in EFS by decreasing the risk of relapse but without improving OS.

journal_name

Pediatr Blood Cancer

journal_title

Pediatric blood & cancer

authors

Taskinen M,Oskarsson T,Levinsen M,Bottai M,Hellebostad M,Jonsson OG,Lähteenmäki P,Schmiegelow K,Heyman M

doi

10.1002/pbc.26191

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-02-01 00:00:00

pages

242-249

issue

2

eissn

1545-5009

issn

1545-5017

journal_volume

64

pub_type

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