Abstract：
:Although cooperation is central to the organisation of many social systems, relatively little is known about cooperation in situations of collective emergency. When groups of people flee from a danger such as a burning building or a terrorist attack, the collective benefit of cooperation is important, but the cost of helping is high and the temptation to defect is strong. To explore the degree of cooperation in emergencies, we develop a new social game, the help-or-escape social dilemma. Under time and monetary pressure, players decide how much risk they are willing to take in order to help others. Results indicated that players took as much risk to help others during emergencies as they did under normal conditions. In both conditions, most players applied an egalitarian heuristic and helped others until their chance of success equalled that of the group. This strategy is less efficient during emergencies, however, because the increased time pressure results in fewer people helped. Furthermore, emergencies tend to amplify participants' initial tendency to cooperate, with prosocials becoming even more cooperative and individualists becoming even more selfish. Our framework offers new opportunities to study human cooperation and could help authorities to better manage crowd behaviours during mass emergencies.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Moussaïd M,Trauernicht Mdoi
10.1038/srep33417subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-15 00:00:00pages
33417issn
2045-2322pii
srep33417journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Both Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 wild type and its mutant ΔomcA/mtrC are capable of transforming Au(III) into Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). Cyclic voltammetry reveals a decrease in redox current after the wild type is exposed to Au(III) but an increase in oxidation current for the mutant. The peak current of the wild type ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep03307
更新日期：2013-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigating cytokines in tear fluid and saliva may offer valuable information for understanding the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Cytokine profiles in both tear fluid and saliva of pSS patients, non-Sjögren's syndrome (non-SS) subjects with sicca symptoms, and healthy controls without sicca compl...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-43714-5
更新日期：2019-05-13 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep16458
更新日期：2015-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare tumor carrying poor prognosis and needing new treatment options. The aim of this study was to identify actionable gene mutations that can guide new personalized target-specific therapies in ITAC patients. A series of 48 tumor and 27 corresponding germline DNA s...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-80242-z
更新日期：2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of misidentified cell lines contaminated by other cell lines and/or microorganisms has generated much confusion in the scientific literature. Detailed characterization of such contaminations is therefore crucial to avoid misinterpretation and ensure robustness and reproducibility of research. Here we use DNA-s...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-73169-y
更新日期：2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, caused the release of radioactive materials from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), contaminating eastern Japan, particularly in part of Fukushima Prefecture. In 2012 and 2014, the radiocaesium concentration in brown rice did not exceed regulatory level...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep20386
更新日期：2016-02-04 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-76382-x
更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-56810-3
更新日期：2020-01-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-35987-z
更新日期：2018-12-19 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep14253
更新日期：2015-09-18 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-45736-5
更新日期：2019-06-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-02245-7
更新日期：2017-06-07 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep23370
更新日期：2016-03-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-27131-8
更新日期：2018-06-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-76820-w
更新日期：2020-11-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep05588
更新日期：2014-07-07 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-34461-0
更新日期：2018-10-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-34029-y
更新日期：2018-10-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-18104-4
更新日期：2017-12-19 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep07889
更新日期：2015-01-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-16054-5
更新日期：2017-11-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-64926-0
更新日期：2020-05-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep05817
更新日期：2014-07-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-49363-y
更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep38710
更新日期：2016-12-07 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep13750
更新日期：2015-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Integrins are α/β heterodimeric transmembrane adhesion receptors. Evidence exists that their transmembrane domain (TMD) separates upon activation. Subunit-specific differences in activation sensitivity of integrins were reported. However, whether sequence variations in the TMD lead to differential TMD association has ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-23778-5
更新日期：2018-04-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-08467-z
更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Calpain activation and tau hyperphosphorylation have been implicated in both TBI and AD. However, the link between calpain and tau phosphorylation has not been fully identified. We recently discovered that the two major calpain isoforms in th...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-12236-3
更新日期：2017-09-18 00:00:00
