Novel m4C modification in type I restriction-modification systems.

Abstract:

:We identify a new subgroup of Type I Restriction-Modification enzymes that modify cytosine in one DNA strand and adenine in the opposite strand for host protection. Recognition specificity has been determined for ten systems using SMRT sequencing and each recognizes a novel DNA sequence motif. Previously characterized Type I systems use two identical copies of a single methyltransferase (MTase) subunit, with one bound at each half site of the specificity (S) subunit to form the MTase. The new m4C-producing Type I systems we describe have two separate yet highly similar MTase subunits that form a heterodimeric M1M2S MTase. The MTase subunits from these systems group into two families, one of which has NPPF in the highly conserved catalytic motif IV and modifies adenine to m6A, and one having an NPPY catalytic motif IV and modifying cytosine to m4C. The high degree of similarity among their cytosine-recognizing components (MTase and S) suggest they have recently evolved, most likely from the far more common m6A Type I systems. Type I enzymes that modify cytosine exclusively were formed by replacing the adenine target recognition domain (TRD) with a cytosine-recognizing TRD. These are the first examples of m4C modification in Type I RM systems.

journal_name

Nucleic Acids Res

journal_title

Nucleic acids research

authors

Morgan RD,Luyten YA,Johnson SA,Clough EM,Clark TA,Roberts RJ

doi

10.1093/nar/gkw743

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-11-02 00:00:00

pages

9413-9425

issue

19

eissn

0305-1048

issn

1362-4962

pii

gkw743

journal_volume

44

pub_type

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