Abstract：
:Macroautophagy is morphologically characterized by autophagosome formation. Autophagosomes are double-membraned vesicles that sequester cytoplasmic components for further degradation in the lysosome. Basal autophagy is paramount for intracellular quality control in post-mitotic cells but, surprisingly, the number of autophagosomes in post-mitotic neurons is very low, suggesting that alternative degradative structures could exist in neurons. To explore this possibility, we have examined neuronal subcellular architecture by performing three-dimensional (3D) electron tomography analysis of mouse brain tissue that had been preserved through high-pressure freezing. Here, we report that sequestration of neuronal cytoplasmic contents occurs at the Golgi complex in distinct and dynamic structures that coexist with autophagosomes in the brain. These structures are composed of several concentric double-membraned layers that appear to be formed simultaneously by the direct bending and sealing of discrete Golgi stacks. These structures are labelled for proteolytic enzymes, and lysosomes and late endosomes are found in contact with them, leading to the possibility that the sequestered material could be degraded inside them. Our findings highlight the key role that 3D electron tomography, together with tissue rapid-freezing techniques, will have in gaining new knowledge about subcellular architecture.
journal_name
J Cell Scijournal_title
Journal of cell scienceauthors
Fernandez-Fernandez MR,Ruiz-Garcia D,Martin-Solana E,Chichon FJ,Carrascosa JL,Fernandez JJdoi
10.1242/jcs.188060subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
83-89issue
1eissn
0021-9533issn
1477-9137pii
jcs.188060journal_volume
130pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A method is reported for preparing surface (plasma) membranes from adrenal tumour (Y-1) cells. The procedure is based upon homogenization in hypotonic ZnCl2 followed by sedimentation through two sucrose density gradients. The purified membranes consist of large sheets of membrane. The identity and purity of the membra...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developing oral organelles of dividing Tetrahymena corlissi appear to be positioned by mechanisms which assess distances as a proportion of the organism's overall dimensions. In some respects, the cortex of this protozoan obeys the 'French flag' rule formulated by Wolpert for describing regulation of spatial proportio...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Agrin, a 200 kDa extracellular matrix protein, participates in the maturation of the postsynaptic target at the neuromuscular junction. Although agrin has also been detected in central neurons, little is known about its role in the formation of their synapses. In the present study, the pattern of expression, localizat...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work has shown that phorbol esters or diacylglycerol trigger cortical granule exocytosis in Xenopus oocytes. We sought to identify the isoform(s) of protein kinase C (PKC) that mediate(s) this regulated secretory event. Because this process is initiated by lipid activators of PKC but is independent of calcium...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The IGF-II mRNA-binding proteins (IMPs), which are composed of two RNA recognition motifs, (RRM) and four hnRNP K homology (KH) domains, have been implicated in subcytoplasmic localization of mRNAs during embryogenesis. The IMP family originated via two gene duplications before the divergence of vertebrates, and IMP h...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated a series of laminarin sulphates with different degrees of sulphation (0.3-2.3) as antagonists of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and as inhibitors of the bFGF-dependent endothelial cell line FBHE. Inhibition of binding of bFGF by the laminarin sulphates increased with increasing degree of sulph...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recently identified 63 kDa membrane protein, p63, is a resident protein of a membrane network interposed in between rough ER and Golgi apparatus. To characterize p63 at the molecular level a 2.91 kb cDNA encoding p63 has been isolated from a human placenta lambda gt10 cDNA library. Sequence analysis of tryptic pep...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microdomains have been proposed to explain specificity in the myriad of possible cellular targets of cAMP. Local differences in cAMP levels can be generated by phosphodiesterases, which control the diffusion of cAMP. Here, we address the possibility that adenylyl cyclases, the source of cAMP, can be primary architects...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.058594
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been claimed repeatedly that gamma-tubulin is exclusively localized at the spindle poles in mitotic animal cells, where it plays a role in microtubule nucleation. In addition to this localization, we have observed a gamma-tubulin-specific staining of the mitotic spindle in several animal cells (human, kangaroo ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have reported earlier that the polyphosphoinositide messenger system may control mitosis in sea urchin eggs. Besides phospholipase C activation and its second messengers, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase has been proposed to affect a wide variety of cellular processes in other cellular systems. Therefore, we have...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemidesmosomes are epithelial-specific attachment structures that maintain tissue integrity and resist tension. Despite their importance, how hemidesmosomes are regulated at the post-transcriptional level is poorly understood. Caenorhabditiselegans hemidesmosomes (CeHDs) have a similar structure and composition to the...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.214379
更新日期：2018-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:ARF-like proteins (ARLs) are distinct group of members of the ARF family of Ras-related GTPases. Although ARLs are very similar in primary structure to ARFs, their functions remain unclear. We cloned mouse (m) and human (h) ARL5 cDNAs to characterize the protein products and their molecular properties. mARL5 mRNA was ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.00123
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although changes in mitochondrial size and arrangement accompany both cellular differentiation and human disease, the mechanisms that mediate mitochondrial fusion, fission and morphogenesis in mammalian cells are not understood. We have identified two human genes encoding potential mediators of mitochondrial fusion. T...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal mouse hybridoma antibodies were obtained for secreted cellular fibronectin (cFn) from A8387 fibrosarcoma cells. One of them, 52-DH1 (DH), reacted exclusively with cFns but not with plasma Fns (pFns) in immunoblotting and solid-phase EIA. The DH antibody also recognized thermolysin cFn fragments and beta-gal...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smooth muscle cells may be isolated from the taenia coli muscle of the guinea pig which, when made permeable by treatment with Triton X-100 (0-05%) show a sensitivity to Ca for contraction with MgATP. The rate of contraction, about 10 micron s-1, corresponds closely to the maximum velocity of shortening of the intact ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent biochemical and molecular approaches have begun to establish the protein interactions that lead to desmosome assembly. To determine whether these associations occur in native desmosomes we have performed ultrastructural localisation of specific domains of the major desmosomal components and have used the result...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The translationally controlled protein P23 was discovered by the early induction of its rate of synthesis after mitogenic stimulation of mouse fibroblasts. P23 is expressed in almost all mammalian tissues and it is highly conserved between animals, plants and yeast. Based on its amino acid sequence, P23 cannot be attr...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When HeLa cells are lysed in solutions containing a non-ionic detergent and 2 M-NaCl, structures are released that retain many of the morphological features of nuclei. These nucleoids contain all the nuclear RNA and DNA but few of the proteins characteristic of chromatin. Their DNA is supercoiled and so intact. Using ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules signal infection or transformation by engaging receptors on T lymphocytes. The spatial organization of MHC-I on the plasma membranes is important for this engagement. We and others have shown that MHC-I molecules, like other membrane proteins, are not uniforml...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.187112
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The assembly of an organism requires the interaction between different layers of cells, in many cases via an extracellular matrix. In the developing Drosophila larva, muscles attach in an integrin-dependent manner to the epidermis, via a specialized extracellular matrix called tendon matrix. Tiggrin, a tendon matrix i...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Integrin alpha1beta1 is a collagen receptor predominantly found in mesenchymal tissues. Mice lacking this receptor are viable. We have previously suggested that alpha1beta1 might participate in the down-regulation of collagen gene expression observed in cells suspended inside collagen gels. The results presented here ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Occludin and 18 distinct members of the claudin family are tetra-span transmembrane proteins that are localized in cell-specific tight junctions (TJs). A previous study showed that expression of chick occludin in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells raised transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and, paradoxical...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Centralspindlin, a complex of the kinesin-6-family member MKLP1 and MgcRacGAP (also known as Kif23 and Racgap1, respectively), is required for cytokinesis and cell-cell junctions. During anaphase, Centralspindlin accumulates at overlapping central spindle microtubules and directs contractile ring formation by recruiti...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.195891
更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The cornified cell envelope (CE), a structure formed in the outermost layers of stratified squamous epithelia, provides a physical barrier against environmental insults. It is composed of several structural proteins, which are irreversibly crosslinked by calcium-activated transglutaminases. The small proline rich prot...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulation of cell-cell contacts is essential for integrity of the vascular endothelium. Here, a critical role of the F-actin-binding protein drebrin in maintaining endothelial integrity is revealed under conditions mimicking vascular flow. Drebrin knockdown leads to weakening of cell-cell contacts, characterized by l...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.129437
更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to fuse trout sperm with Chinese hamster fibroblasts (CHW-1102). As judged by light microscopy, PEG significantly increased the number of associations between the two cell types. Electron microscopy revealed that the sperm nuclei were in the cytoplasm of CHW-1102 in cultures that had...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adaptive immune response depends on the interaction of T cells and antigen-presenting cells at the immune synapse. Formation of the immune synapse and the subsequent T-cell activation are highly dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. In this work, we describe that T cells express drebrin, a neuronal actin-binding pr...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.064238
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spindle pole bodies in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are required during meiosis, not only for spindle formation but also for the assembly of forespore membranes. The spo15 mutant is defective in the formation of forespore membranes, which develop into spore envelopes. The spo15(+)gene encodes a protein ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the eukaryotic cell, a protein quality control process termed endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) rids the ER of aberrant proteins and unassembled components of protein complexes that fail to reach a transport-competent state. To identify novel genes required for ERAD, we devised a rapid immunoassay...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.00439
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we report Drosophila Waharan (Wah), a 170-kD predominantly nuclear protein with two potential human homologues, as a newly identified regulator of endosomal trafficking. Wah is required for neuromuscular-junction development and muscle integrity. In muscles, knockdown of Wah caused novel accumulations of tightly ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.060582
更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00
