Abstract:
:Abnormal behaviors in captive animals are generally defined as behaviors that are atypical for the species and are often considered to be indicators of poor welfare. Although some abnormal behaviors have been empirically linked to conditions related to elevated stress and compromised welfare in primates, others have little or no evidence on which to base such a relationship. The objective of this study was to investigate a recent claim that abnormal behavior is endemic in the captive population by surveying a broad sample of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), while also considering factors associated with the origins of these behaviors. We surveyed animal care staff from 26 accredited zoos to assess the prevalence of abnormal behavior in a large sample of chimpanzees in the United States for which we had information on origin and rearing history. Our results demonstrated that 64% of this sample was reported to engage in some form of abnormal behavior in the past two years and 48% of chimpanzees engaged in abnormal behavior other than coprophagy. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the historical variables that best predicted the occurrence of all abnormal behavior, any abnormal behavior that was not coprophagy, and coprophagy. Rearing had opposing effects on the occurrence of coprophagy and the other abnormal behaviors such that mother-reared individuals were more likely to perform coprophagy, whereas non-mother-reared individuals were more likely to perform other abnormal behaviors. These results support the assertion that coprophagy may be classified separately when assessing abnormal behavior and the welfare of captive chimpanzees. This robust evaluation of the prevalence of abnormal behavior in our sample from the U.S. zoo population also demonstrates the importance of considering the contribution of historical variables to present behavior, in order to better understand the causes of these behaviors and any potential relationship to psychological wellbeing.
journal_name
PeerJjournal_title
PeerJauthors
Jacobson SL,Ross SR,Bloomsmith MAdoi
10.7717/peerj.2225subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-13 00:00:00pages
e2225issn
2167-8359pii
2225journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PeerJ文献大全abstract::Sugarcane-soybean intercropping has been widely used to control disease and improve nutrition in the field. However, the response of the soil microbial community diversity and structure to intercropping is not well understood. Since microbial diversity corresponds to soil quality and plant health, a pot experiment was...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6412
更新日期:2019-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol (APAP), also known as acetaminophen, is the most commonly used over-the counter analgesic and antipyretic medication. However, its overdose leads to both liver and kidney damage. APAP-induced toxicity is considered as one of the primary causes of acute liver failure; numerous scientific reports ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2127
更新日期:2016-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::The recent publication of a number of high resolution bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel structures has opened the door for the mechanisms employed by these channels to distinguish between ions to be elucidated. The way these channels select between Na(+) and K(+) has been investigated in computational studies, bu...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.16
更新日期:2013-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal upwelling at the northern Pacific coast of Costa Rica offers the opportunity to investigate the effects of pronounced changes in key water parameters on fine-scale dynamics of local coral reef communities. This study monitored benthic community composition at Matapalo reef (10.539°N, 85.766°W) by weekly obser...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1434
更新日期:2015-11-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dengue studies at the urban scale are scarce and required for guiding control efforts. In Brazil, the burden of dengue is high and challenges city public health administrations with limited resources. Here we studied the dynamics of a dengue epidemic in a single city. METHODS:Serum samples from dengue suspe...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1892
更新日期:2016-04-05 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Metabolomics has emerged as a valuable tool to discover novel biomarkers and study the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the effect of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) on diabetes mellitus (DM) to chronic DN progression has not been evaluated from the perspective of metabolomics...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9111
更新日期:2020-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Low use of maternal healthcare services is one of the reasons why maternal mortality is still considerably high among adolescents mothers in India. To increase the utilization of these services, it is necessary to identify factors that affect service utilization. To our knowledge, no national level study i...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.592
更新日期:2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Amphibian populations are highly vulnerable to road mortality and habitat fragmentation caused by road networks. Wildlife road tunnels are considered the most promising road mitigation measure for amphibians yet generally remain inadequately monitored, resulting in mixed success rates in the short-term and uncertain c...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2922
更新日期:2017-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The present research investigated the response of silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) to salt treatment. The short- and long-term effects of NaCl and CaCl2 treatments on plant fitness characteristics (growth parameters, leaf chlorophyll content) and biochemical stress-coping mechanisms (proline accumulation as well as ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5958
更新日期:2018-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in sequencing techniques have led to exponential growth in biological data, demanding the development of large-scale bioinformatics experiments. Because these experiments are computation- and data-intensive, they require high-performance computing techniques and can benefit from specialized technologies such ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5551
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia can harbor high levels of endemism, but are highly fragmented, increasingly threatened, and their biodiversity is often poorly studied. This is true of the Padawan Limestone Area of Sarawak, Malaysia, home to the endemic Artocarpus annulatus, the closest known wild relative of two im...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9897
更新日期:2020-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical immobilisation is an integral component for the conservation of wild animals and can be stressful if proper protocols are not administered. References on the immobilisation of Arabian striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena sultana) are scarce. The current study was designed to evaluate the physiological and clinical r...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7326
更新日期:2019-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Tethering a fly for stationary flight allows for exquisite control of its sensory input, such as visual or olfactory stimuli or a punishing infrared laser beam. A torque meter measures the turning attempts of the tethered fly around its vertical body axis. By punishing, say, left turning attempts (in a homogeneous env...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1971
更新日期:2016-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important vegetable cultivated in Asia, Africa and southern Europe and, following tomato and pepper, ranks as the third most important solanaceous vegetable crop. The Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) family is a group of plant-specific transcription factors that play important ro...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4481
更新日期:2018-03-06 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) has a tropical and subtropical distribution. In much of its range this species represents one of the most important fishery resources because of its high quality meat and market value. Due to this, this species is vulnerable to overfishing, and population declines have bee...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8485
更新日期:2020-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 is a western Atlantic species with a disjointed natural geographic range from Massachusetts, USA to Venezuela (distribution area 1) and from Alagoas, Brazil to northern Argentina (distribution area 2). It is the only species of portunid crab commercially harvested in the continental U...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7827
更新日期:2019-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Mimusops coriacea (A.DC.) Miq., (Sapotaceae), originated from Africa, were introduced to coastal areas in Ecuador where it is not extensively used as a traditional medicine to treat various human diseases. Different therapeutically uses of the species include: analgesic, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, inflamma...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7789
更新日期:2019-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Ticks are globally distributed arthropods and a public health concern due to the many human pathogens they carry and transmit, including the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. As tick species' ranges increase, so do the number of reported tick related illnesses. The microbiome is a critical part of...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10424
更新日期:2020-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Systemic inflammation and nutritional status both play roles in the survival of cancer patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) on the survival of patients with advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer. Meth...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10465
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian pelvis is thought to exhibit adaptations to the functional demands of locomotor behaviors. Previous work in primates has identified form-function relationships between pelvic shape and locomotor behavior; few studies have documented such relationships in carnivorans, instead focusing on long bones. Most ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8574
更新日期:2020-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Fear is a response to a known threat, anxiety is a response to a perceived threat. Both of these affective states can be detrimental to animal welfare in modern housing environments. In comparison to the well-validated tests for assessing fear in laying hens, tests for measuring anxiety are less developed. Perception ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7303
更新日期:2019-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Deposits spanning the Radotruncana calcarata Taxon Range Zone at the Postalm section, Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria) are examined quantitatively for foraminiferal assemblages, especially the planktonic group. This study focuses on establishing a high resolution record spanning an 800 ka long stratigraphic interval...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1757
更新日期:2016-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::The Somali Sengi or Somali Elephant-shrew ('Elephantulus' revoilii, Macroscelidea, Mammalia) has been considered a "lost species" and is primarily known from about 39 museum specimens, with no new vouchered occurrence records since the early 1970s. The scientific literature contains no data concerning living Somali Se...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9652
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical models of collective cell movement often neglect the effects of spatial structure, such as clustering, on the population dynamics. Typically, they assume that individuals interact with one another in proportion to their average density (the mean-field assumption) which means that cell-cell interactions oc...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1689
更新日期:2016-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing concern that some bee populations are in decline, potentially threatening pollination security in agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes. Among the numerous causes associated with this trend, nutritional stress resulting from a mismatch between bee nutritional needs and plant community provision...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6329
更新日期:2019-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Maximakinin (MK), an amphibian peptide possessing the C-terminal sequence of bradykinin (BK), is a BK B2 receptor (B2R) agonist eliciting prolonged signaling. We reinvestigated this 19-mer for species-specific pharmacologic profile, in vivo confirmation of resistance to inactivation by angiotensin converting enzyme (A...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2911
更新日期:2017-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudoterranovosis is a well-known human disease caused by anisakid larvae belonging to the genus Pseudoterranova. Human infection occurs after consuming infected fish. Hence the presence of Pseudoterranova larvae in the flesh of the fish can cause serious losses and problems for the seafood, fishing and fisheries ind...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1722
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Due to intensive sluice construction and other human disturbances, lakeshore vegetation has been destroyed and ecosystems greatly changed. Rhizospheric microbiota constitute a key part of a functioning rhizosphere ecosystem. Maintaining rhizosphere microbial diversity is a central, critical issue for sustain...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10078
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Sea cucumbers possess the remarkable capacity to regenerate their body parts or organs. Regeneration of host organs and/or body parts involves reconstruction of the host associated microbiota, however, the dynamics and contribution of microbiota to the regeneration process are largely unknown due to a lack of experime...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10260
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As conspicuous modular components of benthic marine habitats, gorgonian (sea fan) octocorals have perplexed taxonomists for centuries through their shear diversity, particularly throughout the Indo-Pacific. Phenotypic incongruence within and between seemingly unitary lineages across contrasting environments can provid...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1128
更新日期:2015-08-20 00:00:00