Spectral discrimination in color blind animals via chromatic aberration and pupil shape.

abstract：:The extensive Early Jurassic continental strata of southern Africa have yielded an exceptional record of dinosaurs that includes scores of partial to complete skeletons of the sauropodomorph Massospondylus, ranging from embryos to large adults. In 1976 an incomplete egg clutch including in ovo embryos of this dinosaur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reisz RR,Evans DC,Roberts EM,Sues HD,Yates AM

更新日期：2012-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in aging, inflammation, and cancer. Mitochondria are an important source of ROS; however, the spatiotemporal ROS events underlying oxidative cellular damage from dysfunctional mitochondria remain unresolved. To this end, we have developed and validated a chemoptogenet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qian W,Kumar N,Roginskaya V,Fouquerel E,Opresko PL,Shiva S,Watkins SC,Kolodieznyi D,Bruchez MP,Van Houten B

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Under conditions (0.2% CO2; 1% O2) that allow high rates of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence was measured simultaneously with carbon assimilation at various light intensities in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. Using a stoichiometry of 3 ATP/CO2 and the known relationship between ATP synthesis rate and driv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schönknecht G,Neimanis S,Katona E,Gerst U,Heber U

更新日期：1995-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A Mr 70,000 protein was isolated from cytotoxic human large granular lymphocytes and shown to have cytotoxic activity. The protein was demonstrated to be immunochemically related to the ninth component (C9) of complement and was therefore designated C9-related protein (C9RP). This finding suggests that C9RP and C9 sha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zalman LS,Brothers MA,Chiu FJ,Müller-Eberhard HJ

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An endonucleolytic activity is associated with purified PM(2) bacteriophages. It converts the double-stranded supercoiled PM(2) DNA mostly into the linear form that sediments as a homogenous peak in alkaline sucrose gradients. The same activity is found in intact or detergent-lysed phages. Optimal activity is observed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Laval F

更新日期：1974-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies indicate beneficial effects of moderate ethanol consumption in ischemic heart disease. Most studies, however, focus on the effect of long-term consumption of ethanol. In this study, we determined whether brief exposure to ethanol immediately before ischemia also produces cardioprotection...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen CH,Gray MO,Mochly-Rosen D

更新日期：1999-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolic crossfeeding is an important process that can broadly shape microbial communities. However, little is known about specific crossfeeding principles that drive the formation and maintenance of individuals within a mixed population. Here, we devised a series of synthetic syntrophic communities to probe the comp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mee MT,Collins JJ,Church GM,Wang HH

更新日期：2014-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A library of amphiphilic Janus dendrimers including two that are fluorescent and one glycodendrimer presenting lactose were used to construct giant dendrimersomes and glycodendrimersomes. Coassembly with the components of bacterial membrane vesicles by a dehydration-rehydration process generated giant cell-like hybrid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiao Q,Yadavalli SS,Zhang S,Sherman SE,Fiorin E,da Silva L,Wilson DA,Hammer DA,André S,Gabius HJ,Klein ML,Goulian M,Percec V

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intact DNA molecules extracted from HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus 1, human herpes virus 1) strain MP virions have a molecular weight of approximately 97 X 10(6), but cleavage with the HinIII restriction enzyme yields fourteen fragments with summed molecular weights of 160 X 10(6). Six "major" fragments occur once in eve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hayward GS,Jacob RJ,Wadsworth SC,Roizman B

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain serotonin (5-HT) deficiency and exposure to psychosocial stress have both been implicated in the etiology of depression and anxiety disorders, but whether 5-HT deficiency influences susceptibility to depression- and anxiety-like phenotypes induced by psychosocial stress has not been formally established. Most cl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sachs BD,Ni JR,Caron MG

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Ezrin and moesin are components of actin-rich cell surface structures that are thought to function as membrane-cytoskeletal linking proteins. Here we show that a stable complex of ezrin and moesin can be isolated from cultured cells by immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies. The capacity of these two proteins to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gary R,Bretscher A

更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult workers in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies exhibit plasticity in hormonally regulated, age-based division of labor by altering their pattern of behavioral development in response to changes in colony conditions. One form of this plasticity is precocious development: levels of juvenile hormone increase prematu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang ZY,Robinson GE

更新日期：1992-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal mammary epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H midpregnant mice were freed from stromal cell types by Percoll density gradient centrifugation after collagenase digestion and were then embedded within collagen gels. Sustained growth leading to an increase in cell number was accomplished in response to cholera toxin an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang J,Richards J,Guzman R,Imagawa W,Nandi S

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), which plays a functional role in plant physiology, is a source of chronic human disease, forming the major inorganic component of kidney stones. Understanding molecular mechanisms of biological control over COM crystallization is central to development of effective stone disease ther...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qiu SR,Wierzbicki A,Orme CA,Cody AM,Hoyer JR,Nancollas GH,Zepeda S,De Yoreo JJ

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Metastasis, the truly lethal aspect of cancer, occurs when metastatic cancer cells in a tumor break through the basement membrane and penetrate the extracellular matrix. We show that MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells cooperatively invade a 3D collagen matrix while following a glucose gradient. The invasion fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu L,Duclos G,Sun B,Lee J,Wu A,Kam Y,Sontag ED,Stone HA,Sturm JC,Gatenby RA,Austin RH

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Unilateral stimulation of human peripheral nerves activates the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) contralaterally and the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) bilaterally. We aimed at characterizing phase locking between SI and SII in response to electric stimuli applied once every 3 s to the right median nerve at the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Simões C,Jensen O,Parkkonen L,Hari R

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The absence of tools for mapping the forces that drive morphogenetic movements in embryos has impeded our understanding of animal development. Here we describe a unique approach, video force microscopy (VFM), that allows detailed, dynamic force maps to be produced from time-lapse images. The forces at work in an embry...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brodland GW,Conte V,Cranston PG,Veldhuis J,Narasimhan S,Hutson MS,Jacinto A,Ulrich F,Baum B,Miodownik M

更新日期：2010-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Histidine biosynthesis is an essential process in plants and microorganisms, making it an attractive target for the development of herbicides and antibacterial agents. Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase (IGPD), a key enzyme within this pathway, has been biochemically characterized in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rawson S,Bisson C,Hurdiss DL,Fazal A,McPhillie MJ,Sedelnikova SE,Baker PJ,Rice DW,Muench SP

更新日期：2018-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Human languages show a remarkable degree of variation in the area they cover. However, the factors governing the distribution of human cultural groups such as languages are not well understood. While previous studies have examined the role of a number of environmental variables the importance of cultural factors has n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Currie TE,Mace R

更新日期：2009-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins potentiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce a transformed phenotype in non-neoplastic rat kidney fibroblasts in cell culture have been isolated from many non-neoplastic tissues of the adult mouse, including submaxillary gland, kidney, liver, muscle, heart, and brain. They resemble previously descri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roberts AB,Anzano MA,Lamb LC,Smith JM,Sporn MB

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD83 is commonly known as a specific marker for mature dendritic cells. It has been shown to be important for CD4(+) T-cell development in the thymus. However, its function in the peripheral immune system remains enigmatic. Here, we show that CD83 inhibits proliferation and production of IL-2 and IFN-γ by T cells, and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen L,Zhu Y,Zhang G,Gao C,Zhong W,Zhang X

更新日期：2011-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the chemical relationships between rat liver lysosomal and microsomal beta-D-glucuronidases (EC 3.2.1.31), which are essentially identical catalytically and in reactivity with antibody and similar in molecular weight, the two enzymes were isolated by procedures in which modifications of the proteins wer...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tulsiani DR,Six H,Touster O

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated three classes of monoclonal antibodies against Drosophila cell-surface antigens that are expressed with positional specificity in imaginal discs. Comparison of immunofluorescence patterns with the wing-disc fate map reveals that expression of the antigens is not directly related to the specific type o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brower DL,Wilcox M,Piovant M,Smith RJ,Reger LA

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tactoids are nuclei of an orientationally ordered nematic phase that emerge upon cooling the isotropic phase. In addition to providing a natural setting for exploring chromonics under confinement, we show that tactoids can also serve as optical probes to delineate the role of temperature and concentration in the aggre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nayani K,Fu J,Chang R,Park JO,Srinivasarao M

更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics of charge transfer depend crucially on the dielectric reorganization of the medium. In enzymatic reactions that involve charge transfer, atomic dielectric response of the active site and of its surroundings determines the efficiency of the protein as a catalyst. We report direct spectroscopic measurements...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mertz EL,Krishtalik LI

更新日期：2000-02-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Microorganisms must sense their environment and rapidly tune their metabolism to ambient conditions to efficiently use available resources. We have identified a gene encoding a response regulator, NblR, that complements a cyanobacterial mutant unable to degrade its light-harvesting complex (phycobilisome), in response...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schwarz R,Grossman AR

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variation between North Korean and Latin American isolates in the circumsporozoite (CS) protein encoding gene of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax was studied. Polymorphic positions are confined to the central tandemly repeated sequences. Nucleotide substitutions in the tandem repeats produce variants; these...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arnot DE,Barnwell JW,Stewart MJ

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein aggregation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and the mechanism of its progression is poorly understood. Here, we examine the structural and dynamic characteristics of transiently evolving protein aggregates under ambient conditions by directly probing protein surface wat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pavlova A,Cheng CY,Kinnebrew M,Lew J,Dahlquist FW,Han S

更新日期：2016-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunctions cause numerous human disorders. A platform technology based on biodegradable polymers for carrying bioactive molecules to the mitochondrial matrix could be of enormous potential benefit in treating mitochondrial diseases. Here we report a rationally designed mitochondria-targeted polymeric n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marrache S,Dhar S

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging and reemerging viruses are responsible for a number of recent epidemic outbreaks. A crucial step in predicting and controlling outbreaks is the timely and accurate characterization of emerging virus strains. We present a portable microfluidic platform containing carbon nanotube arrays with differential filtra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yeh YT,Gulino K,Zhang Y,Sabestien A,Chou TW,Zhou B,Lin Z,Albert I,Lu H,Swaminathan V,Ghedin E,Terrones M

更新日期：2020-01-14 00:00:00