Abstract:
:CRISPR (Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) has rapidly become the most promising genome editing tool with great potential to revolutionize medicine. Through guidance of a 20 nucleotide RNA (gRNA), CRISPR-Cas9 finds and cuts target protospacer DNA precisely 3 base pairs upstream of a PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif). The broken DNA ends are repaired by either NHEJ (Non-Homologous End Joining) resulting in small indels, or by HDR (Homology Directed Repair) for precise gene or nucleotide replacement. Theoretically, CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to modify any genomic sequences, thereby providing a simple, easy, and cost effective means of genome wide gene editing. However, the off-target activity of CRISPR-Cas9 that cuts DNA sites with imperfect matches with gRNA have been of significant concern because clinical applications require 100% accuracy. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 has unpredictable efficiency among different DNA target sites and the PAM requirements greatly restrict its genome editing frequency. A large number of efforts have been made to address these impeding issues, but much more is needed to fully realize the medical potential of CRISPR-Cas9. In this article, we summarize the existing problems and current advances of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and provide perspectives for the ultimate perfection of Cas9-mediated genome editing.
journal_name
Bioengineeredjournal_title
Bioengineeredauthors
Zhang JH,Adikaram P,Pandey M,Genis A,Simonds WFdoi
10.1080/21655979.2016.1189039subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-01 00:00:00pages
166-74issue
3eissn
2165-5979issn
2165-5987journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
Bioengineered文献大全abstract::Tryptophan, an aromatic amino acid, has been widely used in food industry because it participates in the regulation of protein synthesis and metabolic network in vivo. In this study, we obtained a strain named TRP03 by enhancing the tryptophan synthesis pathway, which could accumulate tryptophan at approximately 35 g/...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2019.1592417
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the second most common gynecologic malignant tumors with a high mortality rate, cervical cancer jeopardizes women's life worldwide. The low cure rate in cervical cancer patients is mainly attributed to the lack of effective therapies. One feasible novel strategy is to develop immune-based approaches such as adoptiv...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2016.1230573
更新日期:2017-07-04 00:00:00
abstract:NANNOCHLOROPSIS:sp. is a green alga that is widely used in the aquaculture industry as a feed in Malaysia, but genetic engineering studies of this alga are still underexplored even though there is a growing interest in microalgae genetic engineering for various industrial purposes. This study aims to investigate the ef...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2020.1822106
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major drawback of chemical transformations for the production of 2, 5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) implies the usage of hazardous chemicals, high temperature and high pressure from nonrenewable resources. Alternate to chemical methods, biological methods are promising. Microbial FDCA production is improved throu...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21655979.2019.1700093
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The successful treatment of keloids is a great challenge in the plastic surgery field. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is discovered as an adaptive responsive gene, which plays a critical role in fibroblast activation. This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological role of ATF3 in the pathogene...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2020.1860491
更新日期:2021-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the conditions of extraction of loquat flowers polyphenolics were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Proper extraction conditions were: solid to liquid ratio 1 g per 50 mL and ethanol concentration 50% at 61°C for 9 min. Furthermore, the antioxidant and anti-polyphenol oxidase (PPO) a...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2020.1735604
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) ranks among the most lethal cancers worldwide with high mortality. A marked increase in the level of long non-coding RNA LINC00460 was reported in PAAD patients, in comparison with the healthy controls. However, the underlying mechanisms of the above phenomenon are not yet well underst...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2020.1863035
更新日期:2021-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein production through dedicated secretion systems might offer an potential alternative to the conventional cytoplasmical expression. The application of Type 1 secretion systems of Gram-negative bacteria, however, where often not successful in the past for a wide range of proteins. Recently, two studies using the ...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/bioe.20712
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ascomycete Ophiostoma piceae produces a sterol esterase (OPE) with high affinity toward p-nitrophenol, glycerol, and sterol esters. Recently, this enzyme has been heterologously expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris under the AOX1 methanol-inducible promoter (PAOX1) using sorbitol as co-susbtrate, ...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/bioe.22818
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organ transplantation can offer a curative option for patients with end stage organ failure. Unfortunately the treatment is severely limited by the availability of donor organs. Organ bioengineering could provide a solution to the worldwide critical organ shortage. The majority of protocols to date have employed the u...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21655979.2015.1081320
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A genetic recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae starter with high ethanol tolerance capacities was constructed. In this study, the gene of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (encoded by tps1), which catalyzes the first step in trehalose synthesis, was cloned and overexpressed in S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the gene of neutral...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2016.1207019
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quorum sensing (QS) is a prevalently found intercellular signaling system in bacteria. QS system bestows behavioral coordination ability in bacteria at high population density. QS via acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) is extensively conserved in Gram-negative bacteria and plays crucial role in regulating many biologic...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2016.1174797
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective is to explore the effect of testosterone on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (CF) induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) and the underlying mechanisms. Derived from neonatal rats, the CFs were divided into 4 groups: the control group, Ang II group, testosterone gro...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2016.1227141
更新日期:2017-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a calcium-sensing protein localized in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The expression of STIM1 has been shown to be closely associated with cell proliferation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of STIM1 in the regulation of cancer progression ...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2019.1669518
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last few decades, Streptomycetes have shown to be a very important and adaptable group of bacteria for the production of various beneficial secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites have been of great interest in academia and the pharmaceutical industries. To date, a vast variety of techniques and ...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/bioe.29935
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years there has been great progress with the implementation and utilization of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems in the world of genetic engineering. Many forms of CRISPR-Cas9 have been developed as genome editing tools and techniques and...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21655979.2018.1470720
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The straw can be degraded efficiently into humus by powerful enzymes from microorganisms, resulting in the accelerated circulation of N,P,K and other effective elements in ecological system. We isolated a strain through screening the straw degradation strains from natural humic straw in the low temperature area in nor...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2016.1227143
更新日期:2016-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Circular RNA (circRNA) circ-LRP6 was recently proven to be a pivotal player in various human diseases. Nevertheless, its role in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the expression level, biological function and mechanism of circ-LRP6 in ESCC. Circ-LRP6 was sign...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2020.1809922
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lon protease is conserved from bacteria to humans and regulates cellular processes by degrading different classes of proteins including antitoxins, transcriptional activators, unfolded proteins, and free ribosomal proteins. Since we found that Lon has several putative cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) binding sites and si...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/bioe.29261
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Engineered zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are powerful tools for creating double-stranded-breaks (DSBs) in genomic DNA in a site-specific manner. These DSBs generated by ZFNs can be repaired by homology-directed repair or nonhomologous end joining, in which the latter can be exploited to generate insertion or deletion m...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/bioe.22262
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of refractory and recurrent inflammatory disorder that occurs in colon and rectum. Immune cell infiltration plays a critical role in UC progression; therefore, this study aims to explore potential biomarkers for UC and to analyze characteristics of immune cell infiltration based on th...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2020.1863016
更新日期:2021-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molybdoenzymes play essential functions in living organisms and, as a result, in various geochemical cycles. It is thus crucial to understand how these complex proteins become highly efficient enzymes able to perform a wide range of catalytic activities. It has been established that specific chaperones are involved du...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2016.1218579
更新日期:2017-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis enables to alter not only the microstructural but also the physical properties of the arterial walls by plaque forming. Few studies so far have been conducted to calculate the isotropic or anisotropic mechanical properties of the healthy and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. To date there is a p...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2016.1212134
更新日期:2017-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Downregulation of lncRNA H19 (H19) expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in some cancers. However, little was known as to whether there was an association between H19 and minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (MI-FTC). In our study, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2019.1658489
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influenza A virus is a critical public health problem that causes epidemics and pandemics, and occurs widely all over the world. Various vaccines against the virus have not provided a solution to the problem. Different approaches, particularly M2e peptide-based vaccines, are available for developing universal vacc...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/21655979.2014.969131
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extraction of sugar is the rate-limiting step in converting unpretreated biomass into value-added products through microbial fermentation. Both anaerobic fungi and anaerobic bacteria have evolved to produce large multi-cellulase complexes referred to as cellulosomes, which are powerful machines for biomass deconstruct...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21655979.2015.1060379
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detecting mechanism of carbon nanotubes gas sensor based on multi-stable stochastic resonance (MSR) model was studied in this paper. A numerically stimulating model based on MSR was established. And gas-ionizing experiment by adding electronic white noise to induce 1.65 MHz periodic component in the carbon nanotub...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2015.1058453
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deep-sea bacterium strain FA13 was isolated from the sediment of the South Atlantic Ocean and identified as Bacillus circulans based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. Through liquid fermentation with five media, the cell-free supernatant fermented with ISP2 showed the highest inhibition activities against mycelial gr...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21655979.2019.1586055
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biodiesel, as one type of renewable energy, is an ideal substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel and is usually made from triacylglycerides by transesterification with alcohols. Biodiesel production based on microbial fermentation aiming to establish more efficient, less-cost and sustainable biodiesel production str...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/bioe.23114
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination is the most cost effective strategy for the control and prevention of the plethora of viral diseases affecting poultry production. The major challenge for poultry vaccination is the design of vaccines that will protect against multiple pathogens via a single protective dose, delivered by mass vaccination. ...
journal_title:Bioengineered
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.4161/bioe.20476
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00