Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Concerns about serious cardiovascular (CV) events among stimulant-treated youth have led to clinical and policy debates. Accordingly, several population-based empirical studies have assessed the risk of CV events in children and adolescents treated with stimulants. The main objective of this review was to summarize findings and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these population-based studies. In addition, we discuss the CV monitoring and policy implications for a clinically focused audience. METHODS:A computerized literature search of Medline and PsycINFO was conducted for the calendar years 1990-2015 to identify population-based studies assessing stimulant treatment-emergent CV events in youth. Additional reports, peer-reviewed or gray literature, for example, government reports, were also included. RESULTS:Nine population-based studies (one case-control and eight retrospective cohort designs) were included in this review. The case-control study compared sudden unexplained death cases to age-matched controls (motor vehicle passenger deaths) with respect to prior stimulant use and found a significant association (odds ratio = 7.4 [95% CI: 1.4-74.9]). By contrast, most retrospective cohort studies assessed the risk of serious CV events (i.e., sudden death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) and did not find an association with current stimulant exposure. The absolute rate for these serious events was low, but other data support risk. For example, cardiac-related emergency department visits showed a 20% increased risk for current stimulant users compared with nonusers in one study, and another study showed a 64% and 90% increased risk for concurrent use of stimulants with antidepressants and antipsychotics, respectively. Similarly, in another study, compared with nonusers, stimulant users had twofold greater odds of CV-related inpatient or outpatient services. CONCLUSION:In the face of mixed results from population-based safety studies, this review supports the inclusion of baseline and ongoing monitoring of cardiac status to assure a favorable benefit risk profile for stimulant users, particularly in concomitant regimens with antipsychotics and antidepressants.
journal_name
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacoljournal_title
Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacologyauthors
Zito JM,Burcu Mdoi
10.1089/cap.2015.0239subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-01 00:00:00pages
538-545issue
6eissn
1044-5463issn
1557-8992journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the side effect risks from using one or more psychiatric medications (including antipsychotics, antidepressants, α-2 agonists, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers, and stimulants) among a national cohort of children and adolescents. METHODS:A questionnaire survey wa...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0036
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Evening-dosed HLD200 is a delayed-release and extended-release methylphenidate (DR/ER-MPH) formulation consisting of uniform, dual-layered microbeads with an inner drug-loaded core. DR/ER-MPH is designed to delay the initial release of drug by 8-10 hours, and thereafter, provide a controlled, extended drug re...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2017.0084
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuroanatomical model involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) postulates a hyperactivation of orbitofrontal, limbic, and basal ganglia circuits. We report a case of OCD secondary to brain dysgerminoma affecting this circuit in an adolescent who responded to citalopram. The patient is...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454602760386950
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of atypical antipsychotics is increasing in adolescent populations, but little is known about adherence with these treatments. This study examined postdischarge adherence of adolescents treated as inpatients with either olanzapine or risperidone. METHODS:Eighty-six (86) adolescent inpatients (43 per...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.901
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Post-mortem studies have reported abnormalities of the cholinergic system in autism. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic receptor modulator, in the treatment of interfering behaviors in children with autism. METHODS:Thirteen medicati...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2006.16.621
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depression are common ailments that can cause significant dysfunction throughout the life cycle. These two disorders may occur comorbidly. This case series describes 7 pediatric patients (aged 10-16 years) and 4 adults (aged 38-44 years) whose ADHD and comorbid...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1996.6.165
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the United States, the novel compound duloxetine has been approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in the adult population. There are currently no published data on the use of duloxetine in children and adolescents. This report describes the successful t...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0042
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the once-daily atomoxetine compared with placebo in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Taiwan. METHOD:The study sample included 106 patients aged 6-16 years who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0091
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The glutamatergic prefrontal-striatal pathway has been implicated previously in the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We used short echo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to examine glutamate in the prefrontal cortex, left striatum, and, as a control area, the occi...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0008
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The sudden collapse and death in three prepubertal children during routine treatment with desipramine was recently reported in brief statements. Insufficient clinical information is available to infer a cause-and-effect relationship between the therapeutic use of desipramine and sudden death in these children...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1990.1.125
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) have a high incidence of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper, we report a consecutive case series on 7 patients with pediatric BD and ADHD who were treated with atomoxetine-and all but one were also treated in conjunction with mood...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.996
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The antipsychotic drugs are the best-studied agents shown to reduce symptoms in autism, including hyperactivity, aggression, self-abusive behavior, temper tantrums, lability, irritability, social withdrawal, and stereotypical behaviors. However, significant weight gain has been associated with use of many ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0126
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Self-report instruments commonly used to assess depression in adolescents have limited or unknown reliability and validity in this age group. We describe a new self-report scale, the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS), designed specifically to diagnose and assess the severity of adolescent depression. This rep...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/104454602760219153
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the increased recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents, few controlled studies have assessed treatments for this age group. Adolescent issues, such as embarrassment at receiving medication at school and experimentation with abusable substances, have accelerated ef...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/10445460050167313
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the effects of pharmacotherapy on brain function underlying affect dysregulation and cognitive function in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). METHOD:Healthy controls (HC) (n=14; mean age =14.1 ± 2.4 years) and unmedicated PBD patients with m...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2009.0105
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment with psychostimulant medication has been shown to improve scholastic functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which long-term academic gains are apparent in those having received such treatment remains elusive. This study examined prospectively the ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2008.021
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the basal thyroid function in pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) versus controls, and to explore the relation between baseline thyroid measures and response to clomipramine treatment, and the effects of treatment on thyroid hormones. METHODS:Sixteen children and adolescents with DSM-III...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.581
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential for the induction of mania, increased cycle frequency, and other behavioral adverse events associated with antidepressant exposure in patients with bipolar disorder is becoming an increasingly important area of research study, as this diagnosis receives wider recognition in youth. While the majority of s...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/104454603322163880
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study is to identify predictors of pill placebo response and to characterize the temporal course of pill placebo response in anxious youth. METHODS:Data from placebo-treated patients (N = 76) in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS), a multisite, randomized controlled trial th...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0198
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Methylphenidate (MPH) is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in all children, including those with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). Yet concerns have been raised regarding its safety and efficacy in VCFS. The goal of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of MPH ...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0042
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the methodological challenges and decisions made in developing a multisite, controlled study of risperidone in children and adolescents with autism. METHODS:Review the design considerations for clinical trials in children with autistic disorder accompanied by severe tantrums, aggressive and/or se...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/104454601317261555
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the contributions of childhood symptom dimensions and aspects of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment to the prediction of young adult outcomes in boys who were referred to a child psychiatry outpatient clinic. They were diagnosed with hyperkinetic reaction of childhood/minimal brain dysfunction, and gi...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1999.9.169
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risperidone has been shown to improve serious behavioral problems in children with autism. Here we asked whether risperidone-associated improvement was related to changes in concentrations of inflammatory molecules in the serum of these subjects. Seven molecules were identified as worthy of further assessment by perfo...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0134
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study compared two atomoxetine titration dosing schedules and two atomoxetine maintenance doses for treating adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. METHODS:Adolescents (N = 267) were randomized to a slow or fast titration schedule. Patien...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2008.074
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study evaluates pediatric antidepressant prescribing practices of Nebraska clinicians. METHODS:Surveys were sent in July, 2005, to 1,521 prescribing clinicians throughout Nebraska to assess pediatric antidepressant use along with any practice changes following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2007.0049
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Guanfacine has been shown to reduce hyperactive behaviors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and possibly in children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and hyperactivity. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine whether gene variants encoding the multidrug resis...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/cap.2009.0059
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bipolar Disorders (BD) are often comorbid with disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) (oppositional-defiant disorder or conduct disorder), with negative implications on treatment strategy and outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in adolescents with BD comorbid with conduct...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0063
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Few studies of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents address the effectiveness of this medication, as it is typically used in naturalistic treatment settings. The objective of this study was to investigate psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents treated in system of car...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.2012.0026
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This single case reports an open trial of lamotrigine in the treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and epilepsy in an 18-year-old female diagnosed with generalized seizure disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and compulsive SIB in the context of profound mental retardation. Animal models of SIB suggest that t...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/cap.1996.6.273
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Psychostimulants are effective treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but may be associated with euphoric effects, misuse/diversion, and adverse effects. These risks are perceived by some clinicians to be greater in substance-abusing adolescents relative to non-substance-abusing adults...
journal_title:Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0014
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00