Abstract:
:The association between social ties and survival was assessed using a stratified sample of 1060 elderly aged 60-89 years in the city of Tampere, Finland. During the 6.5-year follow-up, 240 men and 153 women died. Compared with married men, the death rate ratio among unmarried men was 1.7 and among widowers 1.2. The respective ratios for women were 1.2 and 1.2. Vicinity of children, living alone, loneliness, social contacts, and social participation were used as indicators of social ties. Men and women were analysed separately. None of the indicators were significant predictors of survival in proportional hazard analyses, after adjusting for age, perceived health, functional ability and occurrence of a disabling disease at baseline. The relative hazards ranged between 0.85 and 1.38, and all 95% confidence intervals included unity. However, when social participation was entered into the models as a continuous variable, it was strongly associated with increased survival in both sexes. Social participation is probably not protective as such, but it may rather reflect way-of-life, which is characterized by social competence or 'control of destiny'.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Jylhä M,Aro Sdoi
10.1093/ije/18.1.158subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-03-01 00:00:00pages
158-64issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:So far, no randomized controlled trials with a mean mammographic screening interval of > or = 2 years has demonstrated statistically significant mortality reduction for women younger than age 50. The issue of screening frequency is vital in detection of primary breast cancer. METHODS:The study group consist...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/29.5.803
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about long-term changes linking chronic diseases and poverty in low-income countries such as Bangladesh. This study examines how chronic disease mortality rates change across socioeconomic groups over time in Bangladesh, and whether such mortality is associated with households falling into po...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyv197
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Longitudinal cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed to understand cardiovascular disease development. We, therefore, explored health behaviours and conventional risk factors of African individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP) (≤ 120/80 mm Hg), and their 5-year prediction for the develop...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dys106
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol use is associated with breast cancer in many epidemiological studies. Most, however, have measured risk from recent consumption patterns, and only a few include analyses for duration of drinking or age that a woman started to drink. The authors studied the effect of these variables, as well as of rec...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.5.915
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A continuum of reproductive causality is postulated, extending from fetal deaths - abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal - through a descending gradient of brain damage manifested in neuropsychiatric disorders. The research and administrative public health implications of these findings and the concept of the continuum a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw067
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have been conducted to estimate the population prevalence of hypertension, or its diagnosis and treatment. There is no multinationally comparable information on the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia, or its diagnosis and treatment, since individual studies are often not directly comparable....
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyi056
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic diseases are a global problem, yet information on their determinants is generally scant in low- and middle-income countries. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) aims to contribute relevant information regarding the development and progression of clinical and subclinical chronic disea...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyu027
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:In administrative database research, misclassification bias can result from diagnostic codes that imperfectly represent the condition being studied. It is unclear how to correct for this bias. Methods:Severe renal failure and Colles' fracture status were determined in two distinct cohorts using gold standar...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyx253
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To assess the predictive value of biological and clinical events for progression to AIDS (1993 European classification) when the CD4+ cell count falls below 200/microL (CD4 threshold) in different exposure groups. To investigate whether such markers remain predictive independently of the serum HIV-1 RNA leve...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/27.5.897
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Infectious disease interventions are increasingly tested using cluster-randomized trials (CRTs). These trial settings tend to involve a set of sampling units, such as villages, whose geographic arrangement may present a contamination risk in treatment exposure. The most widely used approach for reducing cont...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy213
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), also known as the Comprehensive Rural Health Services Project (CRHSP) Ballabgarh, is located in north India and was established in 1961 to develop a model for rural health-care practice in India. In addition to demographic surveillance and community-bas...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt055
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microscopic examination of multiple faeces samples of 2 825 persons was carried out in the Metropolitan Lagos. Overall prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica was 11.2%. Prevalence increased rapidly in younger age groups and there were no real differences between males and females. Prevalence was high among families who a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/8.1.55
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper dot maps are used as an epidemiological tool to describe the spatial patterns of cases, non-cases and some relevant risk factors associated with the occurrence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an urban environment. The study was carried out in Santo Antonio de Jesus, a town in north-east Brazil with a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.4.731
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study presents data on cancer incidence among 37,795 blood donors in an attempt to test the hypothesis that blood donation might be associated with cancer development. At a median follow-up time of nine years (range 5-13 years) a total of 1152 cancer cases have been diagnosed. The expected number of cancer cases ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.3.505
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:International rankings of infant mortality rates have been consistently lower for the US than other industrialized countries, and this ranking has been falling. This study examines the influence of birth registrations among very low birthweight infants on these international rankings. METHODS:Birth rates of...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.3.583
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hip fractures in elderly people are an important public health problem in many Western populations. Little is known of their epidemiology in Oriental populations. A comparative study of hip fracture incidence in Hong Kong and Southampton showed similar incidence rates by age and sex. In the last two decades hip fractu...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.4.1119
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Hérault region of France, vineyards cover an area of 128,000 hectares (60% of agricultural land) and involve more than 93% of farms. A vine-growing exposure matrix was built for assessing pesticide exposure. It is based on information obtained from a survey among 85 vine-growers who lived in Hérault and who had...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.supplement_2.s36
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cholesterol levels in many Asian countries are rising. Predictions of the likely effects of this on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases have mostly relied on data from Western populations. Whether the associations between total cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases are similar in Asia is not establish...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg106
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) medical records-linkage system was established in 1966 to capture health care information for the entire population of Olmsted County, MN, USA. The REP includes a dynamic cohort of 502 820 unique individuals who resided in Olmsted County at some point between 1966 and 2010, and...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dys195
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, a new non-parametric competing-risk model is proposed. This model takes relative susceptibility into account, and is thus free from the usual assumption of independence between competing causes of death. Another feature of the model is the adjustments of survivors and deaths as a results of the eliminat...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/6.2.153
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.3.472
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the possible association between Alzheimer's disease and late maternal age at index birth, we conducted a collaborative re-analysis of existing case-control data sets. Of the 11 studies participating in the EURODEM project, four were included in the analyses regarding maternal age. In all four studies, ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/ije/20.supplement_2.s21
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine educational gradients in overall and cause-specific mortality among elderly married men and women and their spouses. METHODS:Using the census-based Israel Longitudinal Mortality Study (1983-92), 13 573 married men and 6563 married women were identified who were aged 70-89 years at baseline. Cox p...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyi185
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between body fat and different aspects of glucose tolerance was examined within the Zutphen Study. In 1970 an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in 404 non-diabetic men aged 50-70. None of the subjects could be classified as having impaired glucose tolerance. Body mass index (BMI), sub...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/18.2.368
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The STEPS Study aims to search for the precursors and causes of problems in child health and well-being by using a multidisciplinary approach. The cohort consists of all mothers (Finnish or Swedish speaking) who had live deliveries in the Hospital District of Southwest Finland from January 2008 to April 2010 and their...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dys150
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A person to person outbreak of hepatitis A is described: 90 cases of hepatitis A occurred in a small town in Calabria, southern Italy; all cases were under 18 years of age with the highest age-specific incidence rate in the 6-10 year age group. Transmission was identified by tracing close contacts with other incubatin...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.1.108
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population-based case-control study was carried out in Mwanza Region, Tanzania, to determine the relative and population attributable risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection for developing active tuberculosis. Cases were 441 consecutively diagnosed patients with tuberculosis (all types), aged 1...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.6.1159
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects, by income group, of targeted food taxes and subsidies on nutrition, health and expenditure in the UK. METHODS:A model based on consumption data and demand elasticity was constructed to predict the effects of four food taxation-subsidy regimens. Resulting changes in demand, expenditure...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyp214
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The increased odds of stomach cancer among subjects with blood type A have been reported in epidemiological studies. AIM:To study the relation of family history of gastric cancer and ABO blood type with precancerous gastric lesions in a high-risk area for stomach cancer. Subjects and setting We examined 340...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Corporate influences on epidemiology have become stronger and more pervasive in the last few decades, particularly in the contentious fields of pharmacoepidemiology and occupational epidemiology. For every independent epidemiologist studying the side effects of medicines and the hazardous effects of industrial chemica...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dym270
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00