The developmental toxicity of uranium in mice.

abstract：:Colicins are unusual bacterial toxins because they are directed against close relatives of the producing strain. They kill their targets in one of three distinct ways; via a ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease activity or by forming pores in the target cell's membrane. This review deals with the steps involved in pore-f...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lakey JH,van der Goot FG,Pattus F

更新日期：1994-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The subacute toxicity of sodium saccharin and 2 hydrolytic derivatives, o-sulfamoylbenzoic acid (Compound I) and ammonium o-carboxybenzene sulfonate (Compound II) was evaluated by feeding each of the compounds alone at a dietary level of 20 000 ppm to both beagle dogs and albino rats. Additionally, groups of dogs and ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kennedy GL Jr,Fancher OE,Calandra JC

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty adult ewes underwent common surgery and following recovery were exposed to 1% carbon monoxide (CO) for 2 h. Ten of these sheep were randomly selected for treatment with haem oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) blockers. All sheep were killed 5 days later. The CO exposure was narcotic and EEG freque...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gorman D,Lin HY,Williams C

更新日期：2005-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Simultaneous exposure to cadmium and arsenic is highly probable in the urban area of San Luis Potosi, Mexico due to common localization of copper and zinc smelters. Therefore, in this work, rats were intraperitoneally exposed either to cadmium or arsenic alone, or simultaneously to both metals. The effects of these tr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Díaz-Barriga F,Llamas E,Mejía JJ,Carrizales L,Santoyo ME,Vega-Vega L,Yáñez L

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nitric oxide (NO) donor, O(2)-vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO), is metabolized by P450 enzymes to release NO in the liver and possibly other tissues. V-PYRRO/NO has been shown to be hepatoprotective, but little is known about its effect in the kidney, another organ rich in P450s. Thus...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li C,Liu J,Saavedra JE,Keefer LK,Waalkes MP

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The usefulness of urinary taurine as a non-invasive measure of hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was evaluated: changes in urinary taurine were characterized in a dose-response, acute toxicity experiment and in two sub-chronic, low dose exposure experiments. Urine of young, male, F344 rats was collected for 4 days...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Maxuitenko YY,North WG,Roebuck BD

更新日期：1997-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The trichothecenes are a group of mycotoxins that target leukocytes and have a wide range of immunomodulatory effects. Differential display analysis was applied to assess the effects of the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin, DON) and satratoxin G (SG), on mRNA in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Cells were i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chung YJ,Yang GH,Islam Z,Pestka JJ

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of published studies support the notion that long term, low level (LTLL) exposure to organophosphorus (OP) esters may cause neurological and neurobehavioral effects. In order to differentiate these from other effects of OP such as the acute cholinergic episodes, intermediate syndrome and organophosphate...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jamal GA,Hansen S,Julu PO

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper looks at toxicology digital sources produced and available in the United Kingdom (UK). It includes products aggregating a number of sources, which may include information from other countries, and for the convenience of the reader and information seeker these have also been described. ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pantry S

更新日期：2003-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of dioxin-induced neonatal hydronephrosis. Since the PGE2 receptor has four subtypes, EP1 - EP4, this study was aimed to challenge the hypothesis that at least one of the four subtypes is responsible for the pathogenesis of dioxin-induced hydronephrosis....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Aida-Yasuoka K,Nishimura N,Fujisawa N,Endo N,Narumiya S,Tohyama C

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) is a dangerous exogenous poison and an essential endogenous neurotransmitter. This gas when inhaled has an anaesthetic effect, which is poorly understood, but which may be fatal if compensatory mechanisms are exhausted, if cardiac oxygen (O(2)) needs exceed myocardial oxygenation and/or if apnoea ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gorman D,Drewry A,Huang YL,Sames C

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considerable evidence has demonstrated that women are more vulnerable than men to the toxic effects of alcohol, although the results as to whether gender differences exist in ethanol-induced brain damage are contradictory. We have reported that ethanol, by activating the neuroimmune system and Toll-like receptors 4 (T...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Alfonso-Loeches S,Pascual M,Guerri C

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Aluminum (Al) is recognized worldwide as serious inorganic contaminants. Exposure to Al is associated with low BMD and an increased risk of osteoporosis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remains unclear. Thus, in this study, rats were orally exposed to 0 (control group, CG) and 0.4g/L AlCl3 (AlCl3 treated gro...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sun X,Liu J,Zhuang C,Yang X,Han Y,Shao B,Song M,Li Y,Zhu Y

更新日期：2016-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Aerolysin is a cytolytic toxin which forms channels in the plasma membranes of eucaryotic cells. The protein is secreted by Aeromonas hydrophila as an inactive protoxin. Its stability and water solubility are conferred by its ability to dimerize. Maturation of the protein occurs through proteolytic removal of a C-term...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van der Goot FG,Pattus F,Parker M,Buckley JT

更新日期：1994-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has previously been shown to protect against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, but the mechanism of this effect was not clear. Treatment of mice with 1 mg/kg DMSO 4 h before 250 mg/kg APAP resulted in significantly less hepatotoxicity than with APAP alone, as measured by serum glut...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Park Y,Smith RD,Combs AB,Kehrer JP

更新日期：1988-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Metyrapone tartrate, 400 mg/kg i.p. raised the LD50 for acetaminophen from 340 mg/kg i.p. to 540 mg/kg i.p. in fasting male Swiss white mice. The minimum protective dose of metyrapone was 200 mg/kg. Metyrapone was effective in preventing death when given up to 2 h after acetaminophen administration. The LD50 for metyr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nelson EB,Montes M,Goldstein M

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies showed that certain cytotoxicity assays were not suitable for assessing nanoparticle (NP) toxicity. We evaluated a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay for assessing copper (Cu-40, 40nm), silver (Ag-35, 35nm; Ag-40, 40nm), and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)-25, 25nm) NPs by examining their potential to inactivate LDH a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Han X,Gelein R,Corson N,Wade-Mercer P,Jiang J,Biswas P,Finkelstein JN,Elder A,Oberdörster G

更新日期：2011-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a suspected endocrine disruptor highly prevalent in our environment since it is used as monomer of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recent epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may influence the development of obesity and related pathologies such as type 2 dia...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Marmugi A,Lasserre F,Beuzelin D,Ducheix S,Huc L,Polizzi A,Chetivaux M,Pineau T,Martin P,Guillou H,Mselli-Lakhal L

更新日期：2014-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an industrial solvent, proved to be moderately toxic when studied in small laboratory animals. In adult female rats brief (8 h) and prolonged (8 h daily, on 5 consecutive days a week, for more than 16 weeks) inhalation of 200 ppm--the current TLV/MAC in various countries--produced h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Freundt KJ,Liebaldt GP,Lieberwirth E

更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among exocyclic DNA adducts, etheno (epsilon) bases (epsilond A, epsilond C, N(2),3-epsilond G) are generated by reactions of DNA bases with lipid peroxidation (LPO) products derived from endogenous sources and from the carcinogens vinyl chloride or urethane. The recent development of ultrasensitive methods has made i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bartsch H,Nair J

更新日期：2000-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Transferrin, as the major iron-transport protein in serum and other body fluids, has a central role in managing iron the body receives. Liver is a major site of transferrin synthesis, and in this study we present evidence that liver synthesis of human transferrin is suppressed by both the toxic metal lead and bacteria...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Barnum-Huckins KM,Martinez AO,Rivera EV,Adrian EK Jr,Herbert DC,Weaker FJ,Walter CA,Adrian GS

更新日期：1997-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:p-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) and p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis. For risk assessment of skin sensitizers, information on dose-response profiles in the induction and elicitation phases and cross-reactivity with analogous chemicals are important. In the non-radioactive local lymph-n...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamano T,Shimizu M,Noda T

更新日期：2003-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vivo toxicity of the novel copper-based anticancer agent, casiopeina II (Cu(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(glycine)NO3) (CII), was investigated. Casiopeinas are a family of copper-coordinated complexes that have shown promising anticancer activity. The major toxic effect attributed to a single i.v. administr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： De Vizcaya-Ruiz A,Rivero-Müller A,Ruiz-Ramirez L,Howarth JA,Dobrota M

更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary exposure to vomitoxin (VT) results in hyperelevated serum IgA and IgA nephropathy in mice. To assess the possible role of cytokines in this IgA dysregulation, the effects of a single oral exposure in B6C3F1 male mice to 0, 5 or 25 mg/kg BW VT on production of IgA and cytokines in Peyer's patch (PP) and spleen ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yan D,Zhou HR,Brooks KH,Pestka JJ

更新日期：1997-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro stimulation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with chronic beryllium disease (CBD) induces the production of TNF-alpha. We tested the hypothesis that beryllium (Be)-stimulated TNF-alpha might induce apoptosis in mouse and human macrophage cell lines. These cell lines were selected because they pro...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sawyer RT,Fadok VA,Kittle LA,Maier LA,Newman LS

更新日期：2000-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Multidrug resistance type 1 P-glycoproteins (P-gp) and multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP) were studied in differentiated primary human lung cells in culture, in comparison with permanent human lung cell lines and primary alveolar type II cells from rat lung. AII cells exhibited low basal levels of mdr1b mR...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lehmann T,Köhler C,Weidauer E,Taege C,Foth H

更新日期：2001-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) consumption on trace element metabolism, components of the antioxidant defense system and lipid oxidative damage were studied in control (CON) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DIAB) rats. Ten days after injection, CON and DIAB rats received either 0 mM NaVO3/80 mM NaCl (0 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Oster MH,Llobet JM,Domingo JL,German JB,Keen CL

更新日期：1993-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Field observations of endocrine disruption (ED) in fish and other aquatic species have contributed to a global effort to establish test methods for detecting ED effects in wildlife species. For ecological risk assessment, validated tests are needed for Amphibia, fish and aquatic invertebrates, supported by a tiered ap...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hutchinson TH,Pickford DB

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensitivity to the toxic effects of xenobiotic agents is influenced by a number of factors. Recent evidence derived from studies using experimental animals suggests that inflammation is one of these factors. For example, induction of inflammation by coexposure to bacterial endotoxin, vitamin A or Corynebacterium parvu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ganey PE,Roth RA

更新日期：2001-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma, which is primarily an allergic type of respiratory disease, has increased in the U.S. and Europe by 30% over the last decade. Air pollution may play a role in this rise, since during episodes of smog, hospital admissions due to asthma increase. Ambient air quality has generally improved since the Clean Air Act...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gilmour MI

更新日期：1995-12-28 00:00:00